Is the Cry1Ab Protein from Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) Taken Up by Plants from Soils Previously Planted with Bt Corn and by Carrot from Hydroponic Culture? |
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Authors: | I Icoz D Andow C Zwahlen and G Stotzky |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA |
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Abstract: | The uptake of the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) by various crops from soils on which Bt corn had previously grown was determined. In 2005, the Cry1Ab protein was detected by Western blot in tissues (leaves plus
stems) of basil, carrot, kale, lettuce, okra, parsnip, radish, snap bean, and soybean but not in tissues of beet and spinach
and was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be 0.05 ± 0.003 ng g−1 of fresh plant tissue in basil, 0.02 ± 0.014 ng g−1 in okra, and 0.34 ± 0.176 ng g−1 in snap bean. However, the protein was not detected by ELISA in carrot, kale, lettuce, parsnip, radish, and soybean or in
the soils by Western blot. In 2006, the Cry1Ab protein was detected by Western blot in tissues of basil, carrot, kale, radish,
snap bean, and soybean from soils on which Bt corn had been grown the previous year and was estimated by ELISA to be 0.02 ± 0.014 ng g−1 of fresh plant tissue in basil, 0.19 ± 0.060 ng g−1 in carrot, 0.05 ± 0.018 ng g−1 in kale, 0.04 ± 0.022 ng g−1 in radish, 0.53 ± 0.170 ng g−1 in snap bean, and 0.15 ± 0.071 ng g−1 in soybean. The Cry1Ab protein was also detected by Western blot in tissues of basil, carrot, kale, radish, and snap bean
but not of soybean grown in soil on which Bt corn had not been grown since 2002; the concentration was estimated by ELISA to be 0.03 ± 0.021 ng g−1 in basil, 0.02 ± 0.008 ng g−1 in carrot, 0.04 ± 0.017 ng g−1 in kale, 0.02 ± 0.012 ng g−1 in radish, 0.05 ± 0.004 ng g−1 in snap bean, and 0.09 ± 0.015 ng g−1 in soybean. The protein was detected by Western blot in 2006 in most soils on which Bt corn had or had not been grown since 2002. The Cry1Ab protein was detected by Western blot in leaves plus stems and in roots
of carrot after 56 days of growth in sterile hydroponic culture to which purified Cry1Ab protein had been added and was estimated
by ELISA to be 0.08 ± 0.021 and 0.60 ± 0.148 ng g−1 of fresh leaves plus stems and roots, respectively. No Cry1Ab protein was detected in the tissues of carrot grown in hydroponic
culture to which no Cry1Ab protein had been added. Because of the different results obtained with different commercial Western
blot (i.e., from Envirologix and Agdia) and ELISA kits (i.e., from Envirologix, Agdia, and Abraxis), it is not clear whether
the presence of the Cry1Ab protein in the tissues of some plants under field condition and in carrot in sterile hydroponic
culture was the result of the uptake of the protein by the plants or of the accuracy and sensitivity of the different commercial
kits used. More detailed studies with additional techniques are obviously needed to confirm the uptake of Cry proteins from
soil by plants subsequently planted after a Bt crop. |
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Keywords: | Cry1Ab protein Bacillus thuringiensis Plant uptake Carrot |
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