Gender-related disparities in non-small cell lung cancer |
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Authors: | Marco G. Paggi Rosa Vona Claudia Abbruzzese Walter Malorni |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Development of Therapeutic Programs, National Cancer Institute “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;3. Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, Sulmona (AQ), Italy |
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Abstract: | Epidemiological studies clearly outline some disparities in cancer onset, progression as well as prognosis and therapeutic response between sexes. In particular, in lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death, at least in Western countries, a gender disparity appears now to emerge, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Such a disparity is apparently due to a variety of mechanisms, ranging from genetic and epigenetic differences to gender-specific lifestyle as well as to behavioral causes and, clearly, to sex hormones activity. Here we briefly recapitulate gender differences in terms of risk factors, histopathological features and pathogenetic mechanisms in NSCLC, and hypothesize that a gender-oriented pharmacology could beneficially impact on innovative therapeutic strategies. |
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Keywords: | HPV, Human Papillomavirus ER, Estrogen Receptor SERD, Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-regulator EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor TKI, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor mTOR, mammalian Target Of Rapamycin |
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