广州市职业卫生状况调查

目的了解广州市工厂企业工作场所中职业病危害因素的种类、浓度、危害较大的关键因素及其在时间、空间上的分布和消长规律。方法按照单纯随机抽样法抽取228家工厂企业，于2008年1-12月对这些企业进行调查。结果粉尘以棉尘的超标率最高，短时间接触浓度（STEL）和时间加权平均（TWA）浓度超标率均为33．3％；其次为炭黑粉尘，其STEL和TWA超标率均为20．0％。有机毒物中以丙烯腈的超标率最高，STEL和TWA超标率均为28．6％，且其超标1倍以上点数构成比为75．0％；其次为三氯乙烯，STEL和TWA超标率均为25．0％。无机毒物中以铅的超标率最高，STEL超标率为15．5％，TWA超标率为23．8％。结论这些工厂企业职业有害因素监测超标率普遍偏低，表明广州市的职业卫生管理监督体系相对比较完善，但部分职业有害因素的监测合格率仍比较低，相关卫生部门仍应继续加强监督执法力度。

Investigation on Occupational Health Status In Guangzhou City

Objective ] To understand category, concentration, and the key harmful factor of occupational hazards of enterprises＇ working environment in Guangzhou, as well as its distribution on time and space and law. Methods ] Totally 228 enterprises were investigated in accordance with simple random sampling method between January 2008 and December 2008. Results ] As to dust, cotton dust has the highest overthreshold rate, of which STEL and TWA overthreshold rates were 33.3% ; followed by carbon black dust, of which STEL and TWA overthreshold rates were 20.0%. As to organic poison, Acrylonitrile had the highest overthreshold rate, of which STEL and TWA overthreshold rates were 28.6% , and the proportion of spot numbers that 1 times overthreshold was 75.0% ; followed by trichloroethylene, of which STEL and TWA overthreshold rates were 25.0%. As to inorganic poison, lead had the highest overthreshold rate, of which STEL overthreshold rate was 15.5%, and TWA overthreshold rate was 23.8%. Conclusion] Generally high overthreshold rate of occupational hazard inspection was relatively low in these enterprises, which indicates correspondingly better inspection system of occupational health in Guangzhou. However, with partially low qualified rate of occupational hazard monitoring, related health department should strengthen supervision of legal enforcement.