不同树龄山茱萸果实中品质形成的动态变化

目的根据不同树龄山茱萸果实品质形成的动态变化,确立山茱萸的最佳采收期,为山茱萸生产提供科学的理论依据。方法通过测定不同树龄和同树龄山茱萸在不同生长时期果实中浸出物含量及马钱苷含量,明确山茱萸果实品质形成的动态变化,并结合不同生长时期单位面积山茱萸干燥果肉的化学成分的产量来确定山茱萸的最佳采收期。结果不同树龄山茱萸干燥果肉中化学成分含量以每20～30年为一个周期呈现出高低起伏,其中以20～30年,50～70年,100年以上最高;同树龄山茱萸单位面积产量及浸出物含量随生长期呈上升趋势,马钱苷含量呈M形曲线变化,且均到10月下旬趋于稳定。结论山茱萸果树每隔20～30年进行一次结果枝组的更新,在结果枝组更新期内(30～50年,80～100年)果实品质与产量均有所降低;山茱萸果实的最佳采收期为10月下旬(即霜降)之后;山茱萸果实的颜色与其化学成分含量有一定的相关性。

Dynamic Variations of Quality Formation of Cornus officinalis's Fruit at Different Tree ages

Objective To determine the best havest time of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc. Methods In recent years,the research on its pharmacology and efficacy is deeply increasingly.Research has shown that dogwood can hypoglycemic,anti-aging and enhance the role of immune functions,can be used to diabetes and other diseases and has very high medicinal value.In this paper,studies on the relationship between the dynamic variation rules of fruit quality and tree-age of dogwood in Xixia were carried out.Best harvest time was simultaneously determined through the determination of chemical composition in the growth phase of dogwood. Results The results show that the chemical composition of Cornus officinalis update once every 20~30 years,in this period,Cornus officinalis is weak,the fruits are usually small,and the contents of chemical constituents in dried fruit’s are low.The contents of water extract and alcohol extract are the highest and the content of loganin is stable after the dogwood fruit fully colored(namely of harvested after frost). Conclusion The best harvest period of dogwood is after frost when the peel and flesh is red.There is a relationship between the color of fruit and its chemical composition.