翼腭窝骨性结构及其毗邻关系的应用解剖

目的 研究翼腭窝及其毗邻结构的显微外科解剖关系,为临床开展相关手术提供解剖学依据。方法 成人干性颅骨标本20个（40侧）,在手术显微镜及鼻内镜下观测蝶腭孔、筛骨嵴、圆孔、翼腭管、翼管的形态、大小及相关解剖学参数。结果 翼上颌裂高度为（15.30±0.43）mm,蝶腭孔的前后径和上下径分别为（5.10±1.84）mm和（5.09±1.53）mm,蝶腭孔到中线的距离为（12.49±1.51）mm,前鼻棘至蝶腭孔前缘的距离为（51.32±3.28）mm,圆孔的直径为（3.14±1.26）mm,圆孔至中线的距离为（19.95±2.79） mm,前鼻棘至圆孔的距离为（61.86±3.67）mm,翼管至中线的距离为（10.82±2.98）mm,前鼻棘至翼管的距离为（59.47±3.42）mm。结论 熟悉翼腭窝、蝶腭孔、圆孔和翼管等解剖关系,有助于有效安全地开展鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术。

Anatomy study on the bony structures of pterygopalatine fossa

Objective To provide the anatomic basis for the surgery of pterygopalatine fossa through maxillary sinus. Methods The distances from the sphenopalatine foramen, ethmoidal crest to anterior nasal spine and mid-sagitral plane were measured in 20 adult dried skull specimens. The anatomical features and data of sphenopalatine foramen, ethmoidal crest, foramen rotundum, canalis pterygopalatinus and pterygoid canal were studied. The appearances of these structures under microscope and nasal endoscope were also observed. Results The height of pterygomaxillary fissure was（15.30±0.43）mm, the anteroposterior diameter of sphenopalatine foramen was （5.10±1.84）mm, the superoinferior diameter of sphenopalatine foramen was （5.09±1.53）mm, the distance from sphenopalatine foramen to mid-sagitral plane was （12.49±1.51）mm, the distance between sphenopalatine foramen and anterior nasal spine was（51.32±3.28）mm, the diameter of foramen rotundum was （3.14±1.26）mm, the distance from foramen rotundum to mid-sagitral plane was （19.95±2.79）mm, the distance between foramen rotundum and anterior nasal spine was （61.86±3.67）mm, the distance from pterygoid canal to mid-sagitral plane was （10.82±2.98）mm, the distance between pterygoid canal and anterior nasal spine was （59.47±3.42）mm. Conclusions Our study can provide the anatomical parameters for the surgery of pterygopalatine fossa under nasal endoscope.