学龄期儿童记忆发展特点研究

目的:研究学龄期儿童记忆发展特点.方法:以285名7-15岁儿童为研究对象,以龚氏记忆成套测验(儿童本)为测评工具,以7岁组平均成绩为基线值,观察各分测验及各项记忆指数随年龄发展的特点.结果:理解记忆、联想记忆、听觉广度等分测验成绩在整个学龄期持续上升,于13岁左右达到峰值;图片记忆、空间广度等分测验成绩在7-11岁之间上升较快,11岁以后不再有明显上升;再认测验成绩在整个学龄期有上升,但上升趋势平缓,幅度小.结论:学龄期儿童各种记忆能力均有明显提高,但不同记忆成分的发展特点不同.听觉记忆上升时间长,达到成熟的时间晚,视觉记忆达到成熟的时间较早,再认记忆成绩上升幅度最小.

The Development of Memory of School-age Children

Objective: To study the developmental patterns of memory of school-age children Method:285 school-age children aged from 7 to 15 years old were sampled from 4 urban schools and 4 rural schools The assessment procedures of Gong's Memory Assessment Battery included multiple learning trials, delayed-retention tests, free recall vs recognition retrieval, and both visual and verbal materials Results: The scores of Comprehension Memory, Verbal paired Learning, and Digit Span subtests increased greatly from 7 to 15 years of age, with the maximum scores occurred at about 13 years old; while the scores of Picture Recall, and Space Span subtests increased greatly between 7 and 11 years of age, by which time the maximum scores were achieved Between 7 and 15 years of age, the recognition score showed significant but slight increase Conclusion: School-age children's memory abilities increase with age, and different memory components showed different development rate and different mature ages