早产儿视网膜病变的筛查及其相关因素分析

目的：筛查早产儿视网膜病变情况以及分析影响早产儿视网膜病变的危险因素。方法选取2011年10月~2012年10月期间在我院分娩的胎龄小于36周早产儿515例作为研究对象。对早产儿进行眼部筛查，是否有视网膜病变的情况。根据早产儿的性别、胎龄、出生体重、贫血、酸中毒、低血糖血症、吸氧、肺炎以及输血史等因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果515例早产儿眼部检查发现82例出现视网膜病变，病变率为15.9%，经过视网膜激光光凝术治疗后80例手术成功，随访半年，病情得到很好的控制。单因素分析结果显示，胎龄、出生体重、肺炎、吸氧、低血糖血症、贫血以及输血史是影响早产儿视网膜病变的主要因素。经过多因素Logistic回归分析最终结果分析，早产儿出生体重和吸氧是影响其视网膜病变的关键因素，其他因素无统计学意义。结论早产儿出生体重以及吸氧是影响视网膜病变的主要因素，早期筛查发现及时治疗，可以有效控制病情，降低早产儿的致盲率。

Screening and risk factors analysis of retinopathy of prematurity

Objective To screen for retinopathy of prematurity and identify the risk factors related to the retinopathy of prematurity. Methods A total of 515 premature infants with a gestational age of less than 36 weeks who were delivered in our hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 were screened for retinopathy. Factors were analyzed by univarite and multivariate Logistics regression analysis, such as the premature infants＆#39; sex, gestational age, birth weight, anemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, oxygen inhalation, pneumonia, blood infusion. Results The screening test showed that 82 of 515 premature infants had retinopathy and the morbidity was 15.9%. Eighty cases of retinopathy of prematurity were treated after retinal laser photocoagulation and followed up for half a year with a good condition. Univariate analysis result showed that gestational age, birth weight, pneumonia, oxygen inhalation, hypoglycemia, anemia, blood infusion were the major risk factors related to retinopathy in premature infants. Multivariate analysis result showed that birth weight and oxygen inhalation were the key factors relative to retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion Birth weight and oxygen inhalation of premature infants are the key factors related to retinopathy. Early screening, diagnosis and treatment can effectively control the progression and decrease the rate of blindness in premature infants.