儿童孤独症筛查量表的编制与信度、效度分析

目的:编制儿童孤独症筛查量表,并对该量表进行信度和效度分析.方法:基于目前精神医学界对儿童孤独症临床表现和诊断的认识及孤独症诊断访谈量表的研究结果编制量表.选择儿童孤独症组、精神发育迟滞组和正常儿童组作为研究对象进行信度、效度检验.结果:该量表各项目的评定者信度和重测信度(Kappa值)分别为0.429-0.639(除一项外)和0.404-0.732.各因子的评定者信度和重测信度(相关系数)分别为0.944-0.988和0.840-0.984.量表总分的评定者信度和重测信度(相关系数)分别为0.933和0.986.量表的分半信度为0.969.同质性信度除一项外,其他各项目间的相关系数为0.444-0.855.P均<0.01.该量表各项目的鉴别诊断效度:三组间χ2值为20.658-108.152;各两组间Z值分别为2.186-9.264(除二项外).各因子的区分效度:三组间F值为138.227-468.368;各两组间组间均数差为2.916-14.542.量表总分的区分效度:三组间F值为562.563,各两组间组间均数差为10.91-34.64.p为0.029-0.000.量表的所有项目可聚为三个因子.筛查界限分为21分,诊断界限分为24分.结论:该量表具有较好的信度和效度,可用于儿童孤独症的筛查和诊断.

The Development of a Screening Checklist for Childhood Autism

Objective: To work out a screening checklist for childhood autism and explore its reliability and validity. Methods: Items were selected based on the knowledge of clinical manifestation and diagnostic criteria of childhood autism. The autism diagnostic interview-revised version was used to refine the draft. Three groups (childhood autism, mental retardation and normal control) were used to test the reliability and validity of the new screening tool. Results: The checklist had satisfying reliability including good inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, split half reliability and internal consistency. The differential validity of the checklist and the differential diagnostic validity of the items were good, so as the construct validity and the criterion validity. The cut-off point for screening and diagnosis were 21 and 24 respectively. Conclusion: The childhood autism checklist has good reliability and validity, and fit for the situation of Chinese children with the disorder.