儿童肺炎支原体肺炎合并肺不张临床特点及纤维支气管镜的诊疗分析

目的 探讨儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）合并肺不张的临床特点及纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）和肺泡灌洗的诊治效果及介入时机.方法 选取2012年6月至2013年3月住院的MPP合并肺不张行纤支镜和肺泡灌洗检查的患儿53例为试验组,选取同期住院MPP未合并肺不张患儿35例为对照组,根据平均介入时间将试验组患儿分为早期组和晚期组,总结分析临床、实验室及支气管镜检查特点.结果 试验组患儿平均发热时间、住院时间及血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）均高于对照组（P＜0.05）.试验组患儿肺不张部位多集中在右肺中叶（18例,33.9％）,支气管镜下均可见黏膜充血肿胀及分泌物附着,部分可见黏膜滤泡样增生（9例,17.0％）、黏膜糜烂（3例,5.7％）、黏液栓形成（7例,13.2％）、段支气管通气不良（4例,7.5％）,其肺泡灌洗液可见中性粒细胞升高（43例,81.1％）、吞噬细胞减少（31例,58.5％）.经过治疗,l例（1.8％）经纤支镜治疗1次无效自动出院,52例（98.1％）患儿经治疗后均复张;支气管镜介入早期组热退时间、平均住院时间均短于晚期组（P＜0.05）.结论 MPP合并肺不张患儿平均发热时间长,CRP升高明显,支气管镜介入治疗能够促进肺不张的恢复,早期行纤支镜介入治疗能有效缩短发热时间及住院时间.

Diagnostic and management effect of bronchoscopy on mycoplasma pneumonia with pulmonary atelectasis in children

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia with pulmonary atelectasis and lavage interventional effect through fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children.Methods During Jun 2012 to Apr 2013,fifty-three children diagnosed of mycoplasma pneumonia with pulmonary atelectasis who received fiberoptic bronchoscopy were enrolled as the experimental group.Thirty-five children diagnosed of mycoplasma pneumonia without pulmonary atelectasis were chosen as control group.According to the lavage interventional time of fiberoptic bronchoscopy,we divided the patients in the experimental group into two groups,the early group and late group.Clinical data and laboratory finds were collected and analyzed.Results The duration of fever,hospital stay and C-reactive protein （CRP） of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05）.The location of pulmonary atelectasis in the experimental group were usually in the right middle lobe （18 cases,33.9%）.Under fiberoptic bronchoscope,all patients had obviously bronchial mucosa congestive edema.Some of them had follicular hyperplasia （9 cases,17.0%）,mucosal erosion （3 cases,5.7%）,mucus plug formation （7 cases,13.2%） and poor ventilation of segmental bronchi （4 cases,7.5 %）.Neutrophils （43 cases,81.1%） increased and phagocytic cells （31 cases,58.5%） dereased obviously in bronchoalevolar lavage fluid.After treatment in the experimental group,52 children （98.1%） got complete recruitment of atelectasis.The average duration of fever and hospital stay of the early group were significantly shoter than those of late group （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Children diagnosed of mycoplasma pneumonia with pulmonary atelectasis had longer fever duration and higher CRP level.Bronchoscopic interventional therapy promoted the recovery of pulmonary atelectasis.Using bronchoscop early in shorten the duration of fever and hospitalization in children diagnosed of mycoplasm pneumonia with pulmonary atelectasis.