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高频振荡机械通气在血液肿瘤及多种疾病并发儿童急性低氧性呼吸衰竭中的应用
引用本文:项龙,张建,任宏,钱娟,李璧如,王莹,胡肖伟. 高频振荡机械通气在血液肿瘤及多种疾病并发儿童急性低氧性呼吸衰竭中的应用[J]. 中国小儿急救医学, 2014, 0(8): 508-512
作者姓名:项龙  张建  任宏  钱娟  李璧如  王莹  胡肖伟
作者单位:上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心PICU,200127
摘    要:目的 评估儿童急性低氧性呼吸衰竭(acute hypoxemic respiratory failure,AHRF)给予高频振荡机械通气(high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,HFOV)治疗的意义.方法 回顾2011年1月至2013年9月收入我院PICU诊断为AHRF的病例,首先给予常规机械通气(CMV),当PIP> 30cmH2O(1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa)或PEEP> 10 cmH2O、FiO2100%时具有以下情况之一:(1)SpO2 <90%或PaO2 <60 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa);(2)有严重呼吸性酸中毒(PaCO2> 80mmHg);(3)严重气漏(纵隔气肿或气胸),改为HFOV通气治疗.收集患儿性别、年龄、住PICU时间、CMV通气时间、HFOV通气时间等一般资料.分别于CMV通气末(H0)及HFOV后2 h(H2)、6 h(H6)、12 h(H12)、24 h(H24)、48 h(H48)记录并比较各时间点呼吸机参数(平均气道压、振幅、频率、FiO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2、OI)、动脉血气、心率、血压变化.分别比较存活组与死亡组、血液肿瘤组及非血液肿瘤组在H0、H2、H6、H12、H24、H48时间点的指标变化.结果 HFOV通气后,H2时间点PaO2较H0升高[76.9(61.9~128.0) mm-Hg vs 50.1 (49.5 ~ 68.0) mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P=0.006).H2、H48时间点PaO2/FiO2分别较Ho、H24升高,差异有统计学意义[94.9(66.8 ~ 138.9) mmHg vs 68.0(49.5 ~ 86.8)mmHg,P=0.039;135.0(77.6 ~240.0)mmHg vs 90.7(54.6 ~ 161.7) mmHg,P=0.023)].所有患儿收缩压、舒张压、心率在各时间点没有明显变化(P>0.05).存活组(n=9)与死亡组(n=14)相比,PaO2/FiO2、OI在H6、H12、H24、H48差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).非血液肿瘤组(n=10)与血液肿瘤组(n=13)相比,OI在H2、H6差异有统计学意义[19.2(13.9~26.6) vs 33.8(19.7 ~48.3),P=0.049;16.0(8.4~27.1) vs28.9(20.9 ~38.9),P=0.027)],两组的平均气道压在H2、H6、H12差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组病死率差异无统计学意义(40.0% vs 76.9%,P=0.086).结论

关 键 词:高频振荡通气  急性低氧性呼吸衰竭  急性呼吸窘迫综合征  儿童

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in children with hematologic neoplasms and other causes induced acute hypoxic respiratory failure
Xiang Long,Zhang Jian,Ren Hong,Qian Juan,Li Biru,Wang Ying,Hu Xiaowei. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in children with hematologic neoplasms and other causes induced acute hypoxic respiratory failure[J]. Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 2014, 0(8): 508-512
Authors:Xiang Long  Zhang Jian  Ren Hong  Qian Juan  Li Biru  Wang Ying  Hu Xiaowei
Affiliation:( PICU of Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated to Shanghai Children' s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China)
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the significance of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV) used in acute hypoxic respiratory failure(AHRF) children,failing to conventional ventilation.Methods This was a retrospective study of AHRF children ventilated by HFOV from January 2011 to September,2013.All patients were initially treated by conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV),and changed to be treated by HFOV if the patient met to one of the following criteria after the CMV parameters of PIP 〉 30 mmH2O(1cmH2O =0.098 kPa) or PEEP 〉 10 cmH2O with FiO2 100% ∶ (1) SpO2 〈 90% or PaO2 〈 60 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) ; (2) severe respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 〉 80 mmHg) ; (3) serious air leakage (mediastinal emphysema or pneumothorax).The following parameters were recorded:patient's gender,age,living PICU time,CMV ventilation time,HFOV ventilation time.We reviewed ventilation parameter settings (MAP,△P,F,FiO2),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2,OI),arterial blood gas,heart rate,blood pressure at different time points including late CMV(H0),2 h after HFOV(H2),6 h after HFOV(H6),12 h after HFOV(H12),24 h after HFOV (H24) and 48 h after HFOV (H48),respectively.Various indexes at different time points were compared between survival group and death group,oncology group and no-oncology group.Results PaO2 at H2 compared with H0 had significant improvement[76.9(61.9 ~ 128.0) mmHg vs 50.1 (49.5 ~68.0) mmHg,P =0.006] . PaO2/FiO2 at H2,H48 had significant improvement compared with those at H0,H24 [94.9(66.8 ~ 138.9) mmHg vs 68.0(49.5 ~86.8) mmHg,P=0.039; 135.0(77.6~240.0) mmHg vs 90.7 (54.6 ~161.7) mmHg,P =0.023)].All children's systolic pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate at various time points had no difference (P 〉0.05).Compared to death group(n =14),PaO2/FiO2,OI at H6,H12,H24,H48 in survival group (n =9) had significant improvement(P 〈 0.05).Compared to oncology group (n =10),
Keywords:High-frequency oscillatory ventilation  Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure  Acute respiratory distress syndrome  Children
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