2001-2005年四川省燃煤型氟中毒哨点监测分析

目的了解四川省燃煤污染型氟中毒病情变化趋势、防治措施落实进度及降氟设施使用管理情况,为制定地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法每年1次监测病区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、儿童尿氟、玉米、辣椒氟含量及病区改灶降氟措施完成和使用情况调查。结果5年间儿童氟斑牙平均患病率为68.05%,其中以2002年最高(75.85%),2003年最低(61.16%),儿童尿氟均值为1.51mg/L(0.14～21.46mg/L)。玉米含氟量均值为9.34mg/kg(0～246.3mg/kg),辣椒氟含量均值为222.57mg/kg(0.71～5944.3mg/kg)。两点改灶完成率22.18%,炉灶完好率为66.8%。结论四川省燃煤污染型氟中毒病情仍然严重,提高降氟炉灶使用率,改变病区居民辣椒干燥方式,加大健康教育力度等是防治燃煤污染型氟中毒的重要手段。

Surveillance Results for Coal Burning Fluorosis Areas of Sichuan Province From 2001 to 2005

Objective To understand the change trend of endemic fluorosis and the implementation situation of steps for controlling endemic fluorosis, and to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategies of endemic fluorosis in China. Methods The incidence rate of dental fluorosis was examined among children. The level of urinary fluoride, corn fluoride and capsicum fluoride were detected in surveillance spot and the situation of using transforming kitchen range was investigated. Results The average incidence rate of children's Dean's index of dental fluorosis was 68.05% in the 5 years, which was highest(75.85%)in 2002 and lowest(61.16%)in 2003.The average value of urinary fluoride in children was 1.51 mg/L(0.14-21.46). Corn fluoride content was 9.34 mg/kg(0-246.3 mg/kg), and capsicum fluoride content was 222.57 mg/kg(0.71-5 944.3 mg/kg). In the two areas, the accomplish rate of transforming kitchen range was 22.18%. The rate of all right transforming kitchen range was 66.8%. Conclusions The harm of endemic fluorosis is being serious in Sichuan province, integrated method must be adopted to control the coal-burning fluorosis, such as increasing the use of defluoridation store, changing food and method of capsicum dryness, and strengthening health education.