原发性开角型青光眼进展的危险因素研究概况

原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)进展的危险因素包括全身性及眼部因素,眼部因素包括眼压及非眼压因素.在以往的多中心研究中,眼压对于由高眼压症发展为POAG及其在POAG进展中的作用已经明确,而目前降低眼压也是临床惟一有效地延缓、控制青光眼视神经损害进展的主要因素.制定目标眼压,进行降眼压治疗尤其是控制昼夜眼压波动对于阻止青光眼进展非常重要.非眼压危险因素包括高龄、中央角膜厚度增厚、视乳头出血、晶状体囊膜剥脱征、初始的青光眼严重程度及双眼罹患青光眼等.其他因素包括近视、青光眼家族史、眼部低灌注压、低血压、心血管疾病、高血压、高血脂等血管或血液性因素.POAG进展的危险因素研究在一定程度上揭示了POAG的发病机制及临床发病规律,对于指导临床医师决定随诊频率、选择治疗方案及提高治疗效率意义重大.

Risk factors and the progress of primary open-angle glaucoma

The risk factors related to the progress of glaucoma have been investigated and revealed the involvement of the systemic factors and ocular factors that include intraocular pressure (IOP) and non-IOP factors. Multi-center randomized studies have demonstrated that IOP is an important risk factor in the development of ocular hypertension (OHT) to the onset of POAG or POAG progress. These large scale randomized clinical trials indicate that the only effective way to delay the deterioration of progressive optic neuropathy is to low IOP. Establishing a target IOP, reducing IOP, and especially controlling nocturnal IOP fluctuation arc important measures for the prevention of glaucoma progress. While non-IOP risk factors come from age, central corneal thickness (CCT) , duration of optic disc hemorrhage, the degree of severity of glaucoma and glaucoma in both eyes. The risk factors affecting glaucoma have also been found in patients with myopia, family history of glaucoma, low ocular perfusion pressure, systemic hypotension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic hypertension, and high blood cholesterol. The efforts to study the glaucoma risk factors offer insight into the etiology and clinical development processes of glaucoma and provide an improved therapeutic strategy for glancomatous.