同种异体原位心脏移植术后患者的心理特征分析及护理对策

目的：分析行同种异体原位心脏移植术治疗的患者术后心理特征及护理对策,评价实施针对性护理措施的效果。方法选择初次在本院进行同种异体原位心脏移植术的34例患者为研究组,另选择在本院门诊检查的84例健康人群为对照组,采用 SAS 量表、SDS 量表、SCL-90量表和社会支持量表评估患者的心理状态,研究组与对照组比较分析患者的心理特征,研究组护理干预前后比较评价针对性护理的效果。结果研究组患者 SAS 总标准分、SDS 标准分和 SCL-90总均分显著高于对照组,社会支持量表评分显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=14.796、4.531、9.522和-10.914,P<0.01)；研究组护理干预后 SAS 总标准分、SDS 标准分和 SCL-90总均分显著降低,社会支持总体评分显著提高,护理干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(t =14.352、15.727、12.945、5.143,P<0.01)。结论同种异体原位心脏移植术治疗的终末期心脏病患者术后普遍存在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖等不良心理状态,采取对症护理干预措施可显著改善患者的心理状态。

Analysis of psychological characteristics and study on the nursing countermeasures of patients undergoing allograft orthotopic heart transplantation

Objective To analyze the psychological characteristics and the nursing countermeasures of patients undergoing allograft orthotopic heart transplantation, and evaluate the effect of the pertinence nursing meas-ures. Methods A total of 34 cases of patients who underwent allograft orthotopic heart transplantation in our hospital were chosen as the study group, and another 84 healthy people in our hospital were taken as the control group. The SAS and SDS scale, SCL-90 scale and social support scale were used to assess the patients' psychological state. The patients' psychological characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the effect of targeted nursing of the study group before and after the nursing intervention were compared and evaluated. Results The total standard score of SAS, the standard score of SDS and the total mean scores of SCL-90 of the study group were significantly higher than that of the control group, while the score of social support scale was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=14. 796, 4. 531, 9. 522 and -10. 914, P<0. 01). The total standard score of SAS, the standard score of SDS and the total mean scores of SCL-90 of the study group were significantly reduced after the intervention, the overall score of social support was significantly improved, and the differ-ences before and after the intervention were statistically significant ( t = 14. 352, 15. 727, 12. 945, 5. 143, P <0. 01) . Conclusions The end-stage heart disease patients generally showed the bad psychological state of somatiza-tion, depression, anxiety, hostility, and terror after the operation of allograft orthotopic heart transplantation. Corre-sponding nursing intervention can significantly improve the patients' psychological state.