Nitric oxide in the exhaled breath condensate of healthy volunteers collected with a reusable device |
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| Authors: | Alves Vento Daniella Arcêncio Lívia Rodrigues Alfredo José |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ariel University, Physics Faculty, P.O. Box 3, 40700 Ariel, Israel;2. Ariel University, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty, P.O. Box 3, 40700 Ariel, Israel;3. Bar Ilan University, Physics Faculty, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel;1. Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China;2. Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, PR China;3. Shangyu People''s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shangyu 312000, PR China;1. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria;2. Center for Integrated Sensors Systems, Danube University, Krems, Austria;3. Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, France |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive technique that enables the determination of several volatile and nonvolatile substances produced in the respiratory tract, whose measurement may be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of several respiratory diseases.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to produce a low-cost reusable device in order to sample exhaled breath condensate in healthy adult volunteers, and to determine the concentration of nitric oxide in the sample collected.Material and methodsThe apparatus was made with a U-shaped tube of borosilicate glass. The tube was placed in a container with ice, and unidirectional respiratory valves were fitted to the distal end. Afterwards, nitric oxide was measured in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by chemiluminescence.ResultsThe total cost of the device was $120.20. EBC samples were obtained from 116 volunteers of both sexes, aged between 20 and 70. The mean volume of exhaled breath condensate collected during 10 minutes was 1.0±0.6 mL, and the mean level of nitric oxide was 12.99±14.38 μM (median 8.72 μM). There was no correlation between the nitric oxide levels in the exhaled breath condensate and age or gender.ConclusionWe demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate a low-cost, efficient, reusable device in order to collect and determine nitric oxide levels in EBC. We have identified no correlation between the nitric oxide levels present in the EBC obtained with this method with either age or sex. |
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