功能性构音障碍语言评价及训练效果的分析

目的　探讨功能性构音障碍的临床特点及康复治疗。方法　对功能性构音障碍儿童 12例及功能性构音障碍成人 5例进行语言评价及语言训练 ,比较并分析儿童及成人功能性构音障碍患者的特点及疗效。结果　构音检查方面 ,儿童与成人的主要错误方式为歪曲、置换 ,主要的错误音为舌尖前音、舌尖后音、舌根音、舌面音和舌尖音。儿童与成人平均错误音差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。训练时 ,引出每个目标音正确发音平均需时儿童较成人长 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而每个目标音较熟练应用所需时间儿童较成人短 (P <0 .0 0 1)。经训练后 ,12例儿童患者中有 10例完全纠正 ,2例部分纠正 ,治愈率为 83.33 % ,有效率为 10 0 .0 0 % ;5例成人患者全部纠正 ,治愈率为 10 0 .0 0 % ;总治愈率为 88.2 4% ,总有效率为 10 0 .0 0 %。结论　儿童与成人功能性构音障碍的临床特点差别不大 ,均以歪曲、置换的错误方式为主 ;语言训练效果好 ,但开始训练的时机应该适当 ,并非越早训练效果越好。

The functional phonological evaluation and an analysis of the efficacy of treatment of phonological disorders

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of speech therapy in patients with functional phonological disorders. Methods Twelve children and 5 adults with functional phonetic disorders were recruited in this study, and their clinical characteristics and final outcome after rehabilitation treatment were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison was made between the children and the adults. Results Both child's and adult's main error patterns were distortion and substitution. There was no statistical difference between the child and adult in terms of the number of error sounds(P>0.05). For the children, the mean time of getting correct articulation of each target sound was longer than that for the adults (P<0.001),but the mean time needed for using the target sound proficiently in the communication of daily living was shorter than the adult(P<0.001). After phonological treatment, 10 of 12 children (83.33%)got correct articulation and other 2 were improved. All the adults got correct articulation (100.00%). Conclusion There were few differences between children and adults with respect to their clinical characteristics. The therapeutic efficacy of phonological treatment is good, but the time of starting treatment must be determined according to the specific conditions of each subject.