替牙期62例上颌尖牙阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态特征分析

目的:比较上颌尖牙阻生与无阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态的差异,为上颌尖牙阻生早期识别和干预提供参考。方法:选择8~11岁平均（9.82±1.04）岁]儿童62例,分为实验组（上颌尖牙阻生）和对照组（无上颌尖牙阻生）,每组31例。将2组患者石膏模型通过3D激光扫描后转化为数字模型,测量牙弓宽度、牙弓长度、基骨宽度、腭部宽度、腭部高度、腭部体积、表面积。采用 SPSS 24.0 软件包对实验数据进行配对t检验。结果:实验组儿童牙弓与腭部宽度相比对照组更窄（P<0.05）,但2组儿童在牙弓长度、基骨宽度、腭部高度方面无显著差异（P>0.05）。对照组儿童腭部体积、表面积显著大于实验组（P<0.05）。结论:替牙期上颌尖牙阻生儿童牙弓宽度、腭部宽度、腭部体积、表面积均小于对照组。早期诊断上颌尖牙阻生时,牙弓宽度、腭部宽度、体积、表面积均应纳入考虑。仅有上颌尖牙间牙弓宽度减小,不能作为上颌尖牙阻生的特异性判断指标。

Maxillary dental and palatal morphological characteristics in 62 children with impacted maxillary canine in mixed dentition

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the difference of dental arch and palatal morphology between children with impacted maxillary canine and without impacted maxillary canine, to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of impacted maxillary canine. METHODS: Sixty-two children, 8-11 years of age (9.8±1.04 years), were divided into experimental group and control group, with 31 children in each group. Digital casts were obtained using 3D laser scanner from maxillary models. Dental arch width, length, basal bone width, palatal width, height, surface area and volume were measured. Paired t test was performed with SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: Dental arch width and palatal width were significantly narrower in experimental group than in control group(P<0.05), but there was on significant difference in dental arch length, basal bone width and palatal height between the two groups(P>0.05).Additionally, palatal surface area and volume were significantly larger in control group than in experimental group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with impacted maxillary canine have smaller maxillary dental arch width, palatal width, palatal surface area and volume compared to control group. Dental arch width, palatal width, palatal surface area and volume should be taken into consideration when early identifying impacted maxillary canine.