CRISPR/Cas系统在病原体检测方面的研究进展

规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats /CRISPR-associated, CRISPR/Cas)是一种广泛存在于细菌和古细菌内部的特有的适应性免疫系统,用于抵抗外来核酸入侵。目前,该系统被分为6个类型和22个亚型,常见被应用于核酸检测的Cas9、Cas12和Cas13分别属于II型、V型和VI型。根据世界卫生组织的标准,理想的病原体检测方法应该具备灵敏、特异、快速、低成本、易于使用和无需大型设备等特点,而CRISPR/Cas的特性使其在病原体检测方面显示出了巨大的潜力。本文主要总结了Cas9、Cas12、Cas13和Cas14在病原体检测中的应用,并对CRISPR/Cas未来的应用前景进行了展望。

Research progress on the CRISPR/Cas system in pathogen detection

CRISPR/Cas is an unique adaptive immune system that widely exists in bacteria and archaea. It is used to resist the invasion of foreign nucleic acid. Currently, the CRISPR/Cas system is divided into 6 types and 22 subtypes. Cas9, Cas12 and Cas13, which are commonly used for pathogen detection, belong to type II, type V and type VI, respectively. According to the standards of the World Health Organization, an ideal pathogen detection method should be sensitive, specific, rapid, inexpensive and easy to use without large-scale equipment. Because of its characteristics, the CRISPR/Cas system has great potential for detecting pathogens. This paper summarizes the application of Cas9, Cas12, Cas13 and Cas14 in pathogen detection, and discusses the outlook for future applications of CRISPR/Cas.