甘肃省2县犬感染利什曼原虫影响因素分析

目的 了解甘肃省犬感染利什曼原虫影响因素,为探索犬源型黑热病防控新方法提供依据。方法 在甘肃省迭部县和文县犬源型黑热病流行区,通过入户问卷调查及犬血PCR检测,调查当地家犬位置、居住场所环境、犬离房屋距离、犬来源、犬主黑热病知识知晓状况和犬感染利什曼原虫现状等信息。利用IBM SPSS23.0 Pearson χ²检验和多元Logistic回归分析与犬感染利什曼原虫有关的影响因素。结果 共调查当地居民445人,家犬537只。家犬血样利什曼原虫PCR检测阳性率为41.15%(221/537),其中文县PCR检测阳性率64.63%(95/147),迭部县PCR检测阳性率32.31%(126/390)。村中央和村边缘犬的阳性率分别为33.92%(96/283)和49.21%(125/254),两者之间有统计学差异(χ²=12.923,P=0.000)。居住场所附近房屋墙面为砖混/粉刷墙壁的犬和附近为土坯/石片墙壁的犬,阳性率分别为30.99%(110/355)、60.99% (111/182),两者之间有统计学差异(χ²=44.723,P=0.000)。家庭存在阳性犬的犬主是否知晓黑热病基础知识与犬感染无统计学差异。多因素分析犬的环境位置、犬居住场所附近房屋条件显示与犬感染具有显著相关性。结论 甘肃省文县和迭部县分布在村边缘的犬、犬附近房屋墙壁土坯/石片结构是犬感染的影响因素。针对不同的影响因素应制定针对性的防治措施,减少黑热病和犬利什曼病的传播。

Analysis of the environmental factors affecting Leishmania infection in dogs in two counties of Gansu Province

In Diebu and Wenxian Counties, Gansu Province, where canine-derived kala-azar was endemoepidemic, we determined the location, living environment, house distance, dogs’ symptoms and origins, and dog owners’ knowledge of kala-azar prevention and control through a household questionnaire survey. PCR detection of Leishmania infection in dogs was performed, and the data were analyzed with IBM SPSS23.0, using Pearson’s χ² test and multiple logistic regression, to assess the main factors influencing Leishmania infection in dogs. A total of 445 local residents and 537 domestic dogs were investigated, and dog blood samples were collected. The total positivity rate of Leishmania detected in the dog blood samples was 41.15% (221/537); the positivity rate was 64.63% (95/147) in Wenxian County and 32.31% (126/390) in Diebu County. The positivity rate in dogs was 33.92% (96/283) in the village center and 49.21% (125/254) at the village edge, and a significant difference was found between the rates through χ² analysis (χ²=12.923, P=0.000). For sun-dried mud brick/white washed walls and slabstone walls, the positivity rates of the dogs were 30.99% (110/355) and 60.99% (111/182), respectively. A significant difference was found between the groups (χ²=44.723, P=0.000). We did not find a significant difference between dog owners with correct basic knowledge of leishmaniasis and those with incorrect knowledge in the families with infected dogs. Multivariate analysis indicated that the living environment and location of the dogs, and the adjacent housing conditions were significantly correlated with the rate of Leishmania infection in dogs. The presence of sun-dried mud brick/slab-stone structure walls nearby and being located at the edges of villages were found to be risk factors for Leishmania infection in dogs.