重大传染性疾病的流行病学回顾

摘要：近20年来，多种新型病毒引起的疫情向世界医疗卫生体系提出了严峻的挑战，包括2003年暴发的严重急性呼吸系统 综合征(SARS)、2009年暴发的甲型H1N1流感、2014年暴发的中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和埃博拉病毒病(EVD)、2015年暴发的寨卡 病毒病以及2019年底暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)。本文重点综述了SARS、甲型H1N1流感、MERS、EVD、寨卡病毒病 和COVID-19的流行病学特征，并探讨了COVID-19疫情防控带来的启示，以期为今后多种传染性疾病的防控提供理论支持。

A review of the epidemiology of major infectious diseases

Abstract In the past two decades, the infectious diseases caused by a variety of new viruses have presented severe challenges to the world health system, including the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2009 pandemic A (H1N1), the 2014 middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD), the 2015 zika virus (ZIKV) disease, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This review focuses on the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS, H1N1 influenza A, MERS, EVD, ZIKV disease, and COVID-19. In addition, the implications for treatment, prevention, and control of COVID-19 were discussed, to provide the theoretical support for the prevention and control of various infectious diseases in the future.