阈值压力负荷呼吸肌训练在脑外伤患者呼吸功能康复中的应用研究

  目的  观察阈值压力负荷呼吸肌训练对脑外伤患者呼吸功能康复的效果。  方法  选取2018年3月—2019年6月于郑州大学第二附属医院治疗的脑外伤卧床患者60例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组30例、对照组30例。2组均行常规内外科治疗与康复治疗，观察组同时行阈值压力负荷呼吸肌训练，治疗6周。评测治疗前后2组患者的肺功能指标、动脉血气分析、吸气肌功能和肺部感染情况。  结果  观察组治疗6周结束时，其MVV(85.23±1.21)%]、FEV₁(2.41±0.28)L/s]、FVC(3.26±0.35)L]、FEV₁/FVC(85.90±2.60)%]、MIP(87.40±6.82)cm H₂O]、PIF(5.39±0.12) L/s]均较治疗前有明显提高(均P < 0.05), 对照组治疗结束时其MVV、FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁/FVC、MIP、PIF均较治疗前提高(均P < 0.05)，且治疗后观察组比对照组改善更为明显(均P < 0.05)；观察组治疗后PaCO₂、PaO₂分别为(38.10±1.50) mm Hg和(89.31±1.60) mm Hg]较治疗前(40.21±1.63) mm Hg和(75.66±1.68) mm Hg]均有明显改善(均P < 0.05)；观察组治疗期间肺部感染率(6.7%)较对照组(30.0%)明显下降(P＜0.05)。  结论  阈值压力负荷呼吸肌训练能显著改善脑外伤患者的呼吸功能，提高动脉氧分压，并显著降低肺部感染率。 

Clinical study of the effects of threshold pressure load respiratory muscle training on respiratory function rehabilitation in patients with brain trauma

  Objective  The aim of this study was to observe of the effect of threshold pressure load respiratory muscle training on respiratory function rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury.  Methods  Sixty patients with brain trauma from March 2018 to June 2019 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. They were divided into the observation group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases) according to the random number table method. Both groups underwent routine medical treatment and rehabilitation. The observation group also underwent threshold pressure loaded respiratory muscle training, treatment for 6 weeks. The pulmonary function indexes, arterial blood gas analysis, inspiratory muscle function and pulmonary infection were evaluated before and after treatment between the two groups.  Results  At the end of 6 weeks of treatment in the observation group, the maximum ventilatory volume MVV, (85.23±1.21)%], forced expiratory volume in one second FEV₁, (2.41±0.28)L/s], forced vital capacity FVC, (3.26±0.35)L], one second rate FEV₁/FVC, (85.90±2.60)%], maximum inspiratory pressure MIP, (87.40±6.82) cm H₂O], peak of inspiratory flowPIF, (5.39±0.12) L/s] were significantly higher than those before the treatment (all P < 0.05), and MVV, FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, MIP, PIF at the end of treatment in the control group were also significantly higher than those before the treatment (all P < 0.05), and the observation group improved more significantly as compared with the control group after the treatment (all P < 0.05). After the treatment, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) in the observation group (38.10±1.50) mm Hg and (89.31±1.60) mm Hg] were significantly improved when compared with those before the treatment (40.21±1.63) mm Hg and (75.66±1.68) mm Hg], all P < 0.05. The pulmonary infection rate in the observation group (6.7%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (30.0%), P < 0.05.  Conclusion  Threshold pressure-loaded respiratory muscle training can significantly improve the respiratory function of patients with traumatic brain injury, increase the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, and significantly reduce the rate of pulmonary infection.