口腔健康素养测量工具的构建及验证

目的: 构建口腔健康素养（Oral Health Literacy,OHL）测量工具,并对其进行信度和结构效度检验,为我国居民口腔健康素养评估提供科学工具。方法: 采用方便抽样方法,于2020年3月—4月选择山西省太原市小店区某社区的常住人口为调查对象,通过文献查阅、专家咨询和认知访谈,形成口腔健康素养测量工具。采用SPSS 22.0和AMOS 22.0软件包进行一般人口学特征描述、Spearman秩相关、项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析信度和结构效度检验,同时计算Cronbach's α系数,对量表进行评价与验证。结果: 共发放问卷1 000份,回收有效问卷858份,通过项目分析和探索性因子分析,形成含基本技能、信息相关能力、口腔健康维持能力、个人特征、社会支持5个维度共90个条目的OHL量表。各条目分与所在维度分相关（r=0.250~0.744,P<0.001）,验证性因子分析结果显示,模型的整体适配指数可接受,其中χ²/df=2.785,RMSEA=0.057（95%CI：0.052~0.0762）,IFI=0.931,TLI=0.856,CFI=0.895,总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.899,各个维度的Cronbach α系数位于0.709~0.920之间。结论: 本研究构建的口腔健康素养测量工具具有良好的信度和结构效度,可供口腔工作者在预防、治疗、健康教育等工作中应用。

Construction and verification of oral health literacy measurement tool

PURPOSE: Constructing a measurement tool of oral health literacy, and testing its reliability and validity, so as to provide a scientific basis for evaluation of oral health literacy of Chinese residents. METHODS: Convenient sampling was used to select the permanent population of a community in Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province from March to April 2020. The first draft of the oral health literacy scale was formed through literature review, expert consultation and cognitive interviews. General demographic characteristics, Spearman rank correlation, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's α coefficient were analyzed to evaluate and verify the scale using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 1 000 questionnaires were issued in this study, and 858 effective questionnaires were retrieved. Through project analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a total of 90 items were formed including 5 dimensions containing basic skills, information-related capabilities, oral health maintenance capabilities, personal characteristics, and social support. The score of each item was related to the score of the dimension (r=0.250~0.744, P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the overall fit index of the model was acceptable, where χ²/df=2.785, RMSEA=0.057(95% CI: 0.052~0.0762), IFI=0.931, TLI=0.856, CFI=0.895, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.899, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was between 0.709 and 0.920. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health literacy measurement tool constructed in this study has good reliability and validity, which can be used by dental practitioner in the prevention, treatment, and health education of oral diseases.