广东省英德市螺情复现后处置效果及风险分析

目的 了解英德市螺情复现后血吸虫病疫情态势和处置效果,探讨今后防控对策。 方法 收集 2019—2020年英德市查灭螺、人畜病情监测和野粪监测等资料,分析和评估英德市血吸虫病发生与传播风险。 结果 2019 年发现钉螺复现环境面积 105 648. 94 m²,经灭螺处置后,2020 年 5 月后未再发现活螺孳生;累计查获活螺 6 949 只,未发现感染性钉螺。 采用 IHA 分别检查历史流行区常住居民 2 503 人和流动人员 418 人,血清学阳性率分别为0. 20%(5 / 2 503)和 0,粪检未发现阳性。 对螺区及周边村大型家畜进行血吸虫抗体检测,共检测牛 155 头,结果均为阴性;检测野粪 200 份,结果均为阴性。 螺区及周边村民和中小学生血防知识知晓率分别为 95. 17%和 96. 77%。英德市血吸虫病传播风险评估为Ⅲ级。 结论 英德市钉螺疫情得到有效控制,今后应重点加强输入性传染源的监测,钉螺整治区域需加大螺情监测和设施维护管理工作力度。

Management effects after reemergence of Oncomelania hupensisand transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Yingde City of Guangdong Province

Objective To understand the epidemic situation following reemergence of Oncomelania hupensis and the control effect of schistosomiasis in Yingde area for developing the prevention and control measures in following work. Methods The data,including survey and eradication of Oncomelania hupensis,surveillance results in population and livestock as well as wild feces,were collected from 2019 to 2020,and analyzed to estimate the risks of schistosomiasis occurrence and transmission in Yingde area. Results Oncomelania hupensis were reemerged in a total of 105 648. 94 m² in 2019,yet no living snails were detected by the end of May of 2020 after molluscicidal elimination. No infected snails were found in a total of 6 949 live Oncomelania hupensis detected. 2 503 permanent residents in the historical epidemic area and 418 floating people underwent blood test using IHA,which indicated positive serology rate by 0. 20%(5 / 2 503) and 0. There was no positive findings by stool examination. Also,155 livestock around the epidemic village received antibody test for schistosomiasis, which indicated totally negative results. Test of the 200 aliquots of wild feces also showed negative findings. The correct knowledge rate for schistosomiasis prevention and control was 95. 17% and 96. 77%,respectively,in villagers and primary school students within or neighboring the endemic areas. The risk for schistosomiasis transmission was rated as grade Ⅲ in Yingde area. Conclusion Oncomelania hupensis prevalence has been effectively controlled in Yingde City. Following efforts should be focused on surveillance over the imported transmission sources,strengthened monitoring of the snail status and maintenance of facilities in the targeted areas.