外周血淋巴细胞染色体、微核和转化率检查制片技术探讨

目的 探索淋巴细胞检查的制片技术，提高检查质量和效率。方法 以某一无放射接触史者外周静脉血为对照组，以同一人外周静脉血通过剂量率为1.002 Gy/min、剂量为2.8 Gy的⁶⁰Coγ射线辐照后为试验组。37℃孵箱培养淋巴细胞48 h后加入秋水仙素，再培养20 h；将培养液分成低渗与非低渗，预固定，再将二者混合、提纯、制片、染色、分析。用相同标本行标准方法实验。结果 改进方法与标准方法比较，试验组的染色体异常率分别为75.8%和74.0%，对照组的染色体异常率均为0。试验组的微核细胞率分别为7.8‰和7.2‰，对照组的微核细胞率分别为1.2‰和1.4‰；试验组的淋巴细胞转化率分别为43.6%和43.2%，对照组的淋巴细胞转化率分别为65.4%和66.2%。结论 改进方法和标准方法对外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、微核细胞率和淋巴细胞转化率检测无统计学差异，而改进方法使制片时程缩短，同时也节约了试剂耗材，提高了制片质量，检测项目在一张玻片上完成，缩短了观察时间，提高了报告效率。

Preparation technique for the study of chromosome,micronucleus, and transformation rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes

Objective To explore the preparation technique for improving the quality and efficiency of lymphocyte examination. Methods The peripheral venous blood of a person without radiation exposure was used as the control group, and the blood from the same person irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ-ray at a dose rate of 1.002 Gy/min and a dose of 2.8 Gy was used as the experimental group. The lymphocytes were cultured at 37℃ for 48 h, added with colchicine, and cultured for another 20 h. The culture medium was divided into hypotonic and non-hypotonic groups and pre-fixed separately. Then the two groups of culture medium were mixed, purified, sectioned, stained, and observed. The same specimen was used for experiment with the standard method. Results According to the results of improved method and standard method, the chromosome aberration rates of the experimental group were 75.8% and 74.0%, respectively, and those of the control group were 0; the micronucleus cell rates of the experimental group were 7.8‰ and 7.2‰, respectively, and those of the control group were 1.2‰ and 1.4‰, respectively; the lymphocyte transformation rates of the experimental group were 43.6% and 43.2%, respectively, and those of the control group were 65.4% and 66.2%, respectively. Conclusion There are no significant differences between the improved and normal methods in terms of chromosome aberration rate, micronucleus cell rate, and lymphocyte transformation rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The improved method can shorten the preparation time, reduce reagent use, and improve the quality of section. Observation can be performed on one slide, which shortens the overall observation time and improves the reporting efficiency.