矿渣综合利用于建材所致居民辐射影响

目的 本研究拟分析矿渣及其建材的放射性水平，估算矿渣综合利用于建材所致居民的有效剂量，为合理利用矿渣提供依据。方法 收集2005—2016 年矿渣产生量和综合利用于建材量的资料，以及不同时期、不同地区的矿渣及其建材放射性水平调查与检测的资料等。采用混凝土结构房间模型、室内建材中²²⁶Ra比活度推算平衡当量氡浓度的模式分别估算矿渣综合利用于建材所致居民的外照射和内照射剂量，进而估算居民年附加有效剂量和集体剂量。结果 矿渣中²²⁶Ra和²³²Th的含量相对较高，⁴⁰K含量较低，矿渣水泥中的放射性核素含量较矿渣中明显降低；矿渣用于混凝土和水泥混合材料相对普通水泥住房导致公众附加年有效剂量分别为0.40 mSv·a^?1和0.20 mSv·a^?1，矿渣用于建材所致公众年附加集体剂量和50年集体剂量分别为3.87×10³～1.84×10⁴人·Sv 和1.94×10⁵～9.20×10⁵人·Sv。结论 矿渣综合利用于建材使居民附加有效剂量有所增加，利用某些矿渣生产建材需要引起一定的重视；此外，矿渣综合利用于建材的方式、利用量、建材使用量等对其所致居民年附加有效剂量的影响也需关注。

Radiation effects on residents caused by comprehensive utilization of slag in building materials

Objective This study intends to analyze the radioactivity level of slag and its building materials, estimate the effective dose of the residents caused by the comprehensive utilization of slag in building materials, and provide basis for rational utilization of slag.Methods Data of slag production and its comprehensive utilization in building materials, radioactive level investigation and detection of slag and building materials in different periods and regions were collected from 2005 to 2016. Using the room model of concrete structure and the model of calculating equilibrium equivalent radon concentration with the specific activity of ²²⁶Ra in indoor building materials, the external and internal radiation doses of residents caused by comprehensive utilization of slag for building materials were estimated respectively, and then the annual additional effective dose and collective dose of residents were estimated.Results The contents of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in the slag were relatively high, while the contents of ⁴⁰K were relatively low. The radionuclide content in slag cement decreased significantly. The annual additional effective doses of slag used in concrete and cement mixture relative to ordinary cement were 0.40 mSv·a^?1 and 0.20 mSv·a^?1 respectively. The annual additional collective dose and 50-year collective dose caused by slag used in building materials were 3.87×10³～1.84×10⁴ man·Sv and 1.94×10⁵～9.20×10⁵ man·Sv respectively.Conclusion The comprehensive utilization of slag in building materials increases the additional effective dose of residents, so the use of some slag in building materials needs to be paid more attention to. In addition, the influence of comprehensive utilization of slag in building materials, such as the way, the amount of slag and the amount of building materials, on the annual additional effective dose of residents caused should also be paid attention to.