2014—2018年福建省仙游县消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡特征分析

目的 分析福建省仙游县消化系统恶性肿瘤的死亡情况和流行特征，为制定消化系统恶性肿瘤防治措施提供科学依据。方法 利用Excel、SPSS软件对2014—2018年仙游县居民消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡监测资料进行整理，采用死亡率、标化率（根据2000年中国普查人口数据计算）以及死因顺位等指标进行分析。 结果 2014—2018年仙游县居民恶性肿瘤死亡人数占全死因的35.00%，其中常见的四种消化系统恶性肿瘤（胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠癌）占恶性肿瘤的62.44%，胃癌居第一位，占27.36%。消化系统恶性肿瘤的年均粗死亡率和标化死亡率分别为108.93/10万、89.34/10万；男女性别比为2.27:1。在地域上，各乡镇存在差异，随着地势的降低，死亡率逐渐下降。与2011—2012年相比较，胃癌、食管癌、肝癌标化死亡率明显下降，分别下降29.71%、23.92%、12.06%，结直肠癌标化死亡率上升28.80%且年均增长率为7.83%。 结论 尽管胃癌、食管癌、肝癌肿瘤死亡率有较明显下降，但消化系统恶性肿瘤仍是导致仙游县居民死亡的主要疾病，故应有针对性地加强健康教育, 做好对恶性肿瘤的早发现、早诊断、早治疗。

Death Characteristics of Digestive System Cancer in Xianyou County,Fujian Province, 2014-2018

Objective To analyze the cancer mortality and epidemiological characteristics of digestive system cancer in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, and to provide a scientific evidence for formulating preventive measures for digestive system cancer. Methods Excel and SPSS software were used to collect the monitoring data of digestive system cancer death in Xianyou County from 2014 to 2018, and then analyzed the mortality, the standardized rate (according to the Chinese 2000 population census) and the cause of death. Results From 2014 to 2018, the deaths of malignant tumors in Xianyou County accounted for 35.00% of all deaths. Among them, the four common digestive system malignant tumors (gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer) accounted for 62.44% of malignant tumors. Gastric cancer ranked first and accounted for 27.36%. Average annual rate of crude mortality and standardized mortality of malignant tumor in the digestive system were 108.93/105 and 89.34/105, respectively, and the ratio of male to female was 2.27 to 1. Significant differences were found between town and village, as the terrain gets lower, the death rate goes down gradually. Compared with the data of 2011-2012, the standardized death rate of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer were reduced by 29.71%, 23.92% and 12.06%, respectively, while the rate of colorectal cancer was increased by 28.80% and the average annual growth rate was 7.83%. Conclusion Although the death rates of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer have decreased significantly, the malignant tumor of the digestive system is still the main disease that causes the death of residents in Xianyou County, Putian City. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the education of health in order to achieve the early discovery, diagnosis and treatment.