2017—2019年孝感市儿童呼吸道病毒感染流行病学特征

目的对湖北省孝感市0~13岁呼吸道感染患儿进行病毒病原学检测,分析呼吸道病毒感染病原学特点,为0~13岁儿童呼吸道感染的预防、诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法通过采集2017年1月1日—2019年12月31日,在湖北省孝感市中心医院就诊的呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR,进行七项呼吸道病毒检测。结果共采集12 486例标本,其中3 309例标本为阳性,总阳性率为26.5%。其中呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)阳性率最高,为1 574例(12.6%)。阳性率随着年龄的增加而下降,各年龄组间病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=318.972,P<0.001)。0~1岁组病毒阳性率最高(32.1%)。0~1岁组和~3岁组,RSV检出率最高分别为18.7%和9.4%。~6岁组和~13岁组,腺病毒(adenovirus, ADV)检出率最高分别为8.1%和4.6%。各季节间,病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=822.421,P<0.001)。春季,副流感病毒Ⅲ(parainfluenza virusⅢ, PIVⅢ)检出率最高;夏季,ADV检出率最高;秋、冬季,RSV检出率最高。结论对于0~1岁的婴幼儿,冬、春季,应重点预防RSV感染,而夏季应重点预防PIVⅢ感染。而对于>1岁的儿童,在春、夏两季应注意ADV的感染,冬季应注意预防FluA、FluB的感染。

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract viral infection in children in Xiaogan City, 2017-2019

Objective To perform viral pathogenic testing in children with respiratory tract infections aged 0-13 years in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, and to analyze the etiological characteristics of respiratory viral infections so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections in children aged 0-13 years. Methods The throat swab specimens were collected from children with respiratory tract infections hospitalized at Xiaogan Central Hospital in Hubei Province from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect seven respiratory viruses.Results A total of 12,486 specimens were collected, of which 3,309 specimens were positive, with a total positive detection rate of 26.5%. The positive detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the positive specimens was the highest (12.6%), with 1,574 cases. The positive detection rate decreased with the increase of age, and the differences in the positive detection rate of virus among different age groups showed statistically significant (χ²=318.972, P<0.001). The positive detection rate of virus was found to be the highest in the age group of 0-1 year (32.1%). The positive detection rates of RSV in the age groups of 0-1 year and -3 years were the highest, with 18.7% and 9.4%, respectively. The positive detection rates of adenovirus (ADV) in the age groups of -6 and -13 years were the highest, with 8.1% and 4.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of virus among different seasons (χ²=822.421, P<0.001). The positive detection rates of parainfluenza virus Ⅲ (PIV Ⅲ) in spring, ADV in summer, and RSV in autumn and winter were found to be the highest. Conclusion As for infants aged 0-1 year, special attention should be paid to prevention of RSV infection in winter and spring as well as prevention of PIV Ⅲ infection in summer. As for children aged > 1 year, attention should be paid to ADV infection in spring and summer as well as prevention of FluA and FluB infection in winter.