四环素类抗生素的复苏

摘要：四环素类抗生素是20世纪40年代发现的一类新型的抗生素。1948年第一个四环素类抗生素金霉素被应用于临床， 随着这类抗生素在临床和非临床上的大量使用，细菌耐药性不断增加、不可避免的不良反应以及其他新型抗生素的诞生，四环 素类抗生素的临床地位逐渐降低。20世纪70年代，第二代四环素类抗生素的米诺环素诞生了，因为其对耐药菌有效而在临床上 受到青睐。特别是在2005年，对多种耐药株具有较好活性的第三代四环素类抗生素替加环素被FDA批准上市，之后又经过了13 年，2018年FDA(Food and Drug Administration)同时批准了3种新型第三代四环素类抗生素上市，使得四环素类抗生素重新进入了 公众的视野。本文主要就第三代四环素类抗生素的抗微生物活性，化学结构特性、作用机制与抗耐药性，以及药物的临床研究 等方面进行综述。

The resurgent of tetracycline family antibiotics

Abstract Tetracyclines are a new type of antibiotics discovered in the 1940s. In 1948, the first tetracycline antibiotic chlortetracycline was used clinically. With the extensive use of these antibiotics in clinical and non-clinical, the increasing drug resistance, inevitable adverse reactions and the birth of other new antibiotics, the clinical status of these antibiotics has gradually declined. In the 1970s, minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic was born and it is favored in clinic because it is effective against drug-resistant bacteria. Especially in 2005, tigecycline, a third-generation tetracycline antibiotic with good activity against multiple drug-resistant strains, was approved by FDA(Food and Drug Administration), and then 13 years later, three new tetracyclines were approved by FDA in 2018, which made tetracyclines enter the public field of vision again. This paper mainly reviews the antimicrobial activity, chemical structure characteristics, action mechanism, drug resistance and clinical research of the third-generation tetracyclines.