PD-1/PD-L1通路在髓系肿瘤中的研究进展

在免疫系统中，为防止免疫反应过度，细胞表面会有抑制免疫反应的检查点，其中程序性死亡受体-１(programmed death-1，PD-1)与其程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death-ligand 1，PD-L1）就是其中的一对免疫检查点，肿瘤细胞通过表达PD-L1与免疫细胞上的PD-1受体结合，使得肿瘤细胞可以逃避免疫细胞的攻击。研究表明，PD-1及PD-L1在多种实体肿瘤组织及免疫细胞中存在过表达现象，导致抗肿瘤细胞功能消失，并且与不良预后相关，但在髓系肿瘤中的研究较少。因此本文从PD-1/PD-L1的生物学特点，目前在髓系肿瘤中的表达情况，以及传统化疗药物对该通路的作用作一综述，旨在为髓系肿瘤的诊疗提供新的靶点。

Research progress of PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway in myeloid haematopoietic malignancy

In the immune system,the checkpoints that inhibit immune response on the surface of cells can prevent immune overreaction.Among them,programmed death-1(PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),are a pair of checkpoints.Tumor cells can escape the attack of immune cells by expressing PD-L1 and binding PD-1 receptors on immune cells.Studies have shown that PD-1 and PD-L1 are over expressed in a variety of solid tumor tissues and immune cells,leading to the disappearance of anti-tumor cell function,and related to poor prognosis,but there are few studies in myeloid haematopoietic malignancy.This article reviews the biological characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1,its expression in hematopoietic neoplasms and the interference of traditional chemotherapeutic agents on this pathway in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms.