25 170名小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎防护行为现况调查

目的 调查小学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间采取的防护行为。 方法 通过中国疾病预防控制中心微信公众号发布电子问卷,于2020年4月对学生家长开展调查。按31个省份城乡在校小学生数计算其分层权重,使用SPSS 27.0估算小学生近一周防护行为的加权比例及95%CI,采用χ²检验比较不同性别、年级、城乡、应急响应级别地区间防护行为的差异。 结果 25 170名小学生中,依从性最好的防护行为是避免乘坐公共交通工具 96.1%(95%CI:92.8%~97.9%)] 和不参加聚会聚餐 90.9%(95%CI:87.3%~93.6%)]。但仅64.4%(95%CI:59.1%~69.5%)遵循呼吸卫生礼仪,36.8%(95%CI:31.8%~42.0%)洗手时长≥20 s,16.8%(95%CI:13.1%~21.2%)1 d体育锻炼时间≥1 h。男、女生防护行为无统计学差异,低年级学生较少能够做到不与其他孩子一起玩耍(76.8% vs. 85.4%; χ²=293.89, P<0.05)。农村地区学生外出佩戴医用或N95口罩(72.1% vs. 83.3%; χ²=131.24, P<0.05)、回家后总是马上洗手(77.9% vs. 90.2%; χ²=228.27, P<0.01)的比例较低。不同应急响应地区间学生外出时总是携带免洗手部消毒物品的比例存在显著差异(χ²=244.16, P<0.01)。 结论 小学生对新冠肺炎防护行为的依从性较好,但仍需针对呼吸卫生礼仪、手卫生和体育锻炼等加强健康教育,设计行为干预项目。不同年级、城乡间小学生防护行为存在差异,应采取特异性干预措施。

Cross-sectional survey on protective behaviors against COVID-19 among 25,170 pupils

Objective To investigate the protective behaviorsamong primary school students during thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods The electronic questionnaire was issued using WeChat public account of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and data were collected from parents in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China in April 2020. Post-stratification weights were obtained according to the 2019 national education statistics on primary school students by province and the location of residence (urban or rural areas). The complex survey procedures in SPSS 27.0 were used toestimate the adjusted 1-week prevalence (95%CI) of protective behaviors among primary school students, and chi-square test within the complex survey module was used to compare the prevalence by genders, grades, urban versus rural residence, and regions with different levels of emergency response to COVID-19. Results Among the 25,170 primary school students, the protective behaviors with best compliance were to avoid taking public transportation (96.1% (95%CI: 92.8%-97.9%)) and not scheduled to attend a gathering or dining event (90.9% (95%CI: 87.3%-93.6%)). However, only 64.4% of the pupils (95%CI: 59.1%-69.5%) observed the respiratory etiquette, 36.8% (95%CI: 31.8%-42.0%) took at least 20 seconds or more to wash hands, and16.8% (95%CI: 13.1%-21.2%) performed physical activities for 1 hour or more during a 24-hour period. No statistically significant difference was foundin the prevalence of protective behaviors against COVID-19between male and female students. Pupils from lower grades were less likely to be able to avoid playing with other children (76.8% vs. 85.4%; χ²=293.89, P<0.05). The proportions of rural students wearing a medical or N95 facemask when going out (72.1% vs. 83.3%; χ²=131.24, P<0.05) and washing hands first when returning home (77.9% vs. 90.2%; χ²=228.27, P<0.01) were lower. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of taking hand sanitizer or disinfecting wipes when going out among pupils from regions with different levels of emergency response to COVID-19 (χ²=244.16, P<0.01). Conclusion The pupils had good compliance with protective behaviors against COVID-19. COVID-19 health education and behavioral intervention programs for primary school students should focus on respiratory etiquette, hand hygiene, and physical activities. Protective behaviors show differences among pupils from different grades and betweem rural and urban areas; and hence, specific interventions should be tailored accordingly.