制造业油漆工多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

目的调查制造业油漆工工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的现状,探讨其多部位WMSDs的影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择广东省内1家汽车制造厂、3家木质家具制造厂和1家船舶制造厂的639名油漆工人为研究对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查研究对象WMSDs的患病情况,运用多因素非条件logistic回归方法分析多部位WMSDs的影响因素。结果制造业油漆工WMSDs总患病率为37.4%,其中患病率最高的部位是颈部(20.7%),其次是足踝部(19.2%)、肩部(17.4%)和下背部(15.8%)。单一部位WMSDs患病率为10.3%,多部位WMSDs患病率为27.1%,多部位WMSDs患病率较单一部位高。排除混杂因素之后,工人患多部位WMSDs的危险因素是工龄3~6年(相对于工龄<3年)(OR=1.68,P<0.05)、以不舒服姿势工作(OR=2.41,P<0.05)和足踝部重复相同动作(OR=1.94,P<0.05),保护因素是休息时间充足(OR=0.63,P<0.05)和工组中能伸展或改变腿部姿势(OR=0.57,P<0.05)。结论制造行业油漆工多部位WMSDs较单一部位更常见,且患病风险较高。用人单位可通过制定和改进适宜的生产计划、增加工间休息频率和时长,识别和减少不良工作姿势等方式来降低油漆工发生多部位WMSDs的风险。

Analysis risks of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders of painters in manufacturing industry

  Objective  To investigate the status quo of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among painters in manufacturing industry, and to explore the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs.  Methods  A total of 639 painters in an automobile factory, 3 wood furniture factories and 1 shipbuilding factory in Guangdong Province were studied by convenient sampling. Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs.  Results  The total prevalence of WMSDs was 37.4%, and the highest prevalence was in the neck(20.7%), followed by ankle(19.2%), shoulder(17.4%) and low back(15.8%). The prevalence of WMSDs in single site was 10.3%, and that in multi-site was 27.1%. The prevalence of multiple sites was higher than that in single site. After controlling confounding factors, the risk factors of multi-site WMSDs in workers were longer service years(3-6 years vs. less than 3 years, OR=1.68, P < 0.05), working in an uncomfortable position(OR=2.41, P < 0.05), repeating the same movement in the ankle(OR=1.94, P < 0.05). The protective factors of multi-site WMSDs were having enough rest time(OR=0.63, P < 0.05), being able to stretch or change the leg position(OR=0.57, P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Multi-site WMSDs were more common than single site among painters in the manufacturing industry, and the risk of WMSDs was higher. The employers can reduce the risk of WMSDs of painters by formulating and improving appropriate production plan, increasing the frequency and duration of break, identifying and reducing bad working posture, etc.