新疆煤矿工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病率及相关因素研究

目的 调查新疆煤矿作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患(musculoskeletal disorders,MSDs)状况,并分析职业紧张与心理障碍对MSDs的影响。 方法 通过分层整群抽样的方法纳入1 230名一线煤矿工人作为研究对象,采用自填式的基本情况调查表、付出-回报失衡(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)问卷、症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90,SCL-90)和MSDs调查表对研究对象的MSDs现状进行评价。 结果 研究总共调查了1 230名煤矿工人,有805名工人存在MSDs,患病率为65.45%,不同性别、年龄、工龄、倒班情况、工种、文化程度、月均收入间MSDs发生率差异均有统计学意义(分别为χ²=8.989、76.602、40.054、9.617、38.671、127.846、33.154,均P<0.05);有615名工人存在职业紧张,患病率为50.00%,有630名工人存在心理障碍,患病率为51.22%,不同职业紧张和不同心理障碍组间MSDs患病率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=11.681,χ²=22.059,均P<0.05);logistic 回归分析发现:女性(OR=2.022,95%CI:1.292～3.159)、年龄(OR=1.532,95%CI:1.035～2.266)、采煤工(OR=1.801,95%CI:1.307～2.409)、受教育程度初中及以下(OR=9.453,95%CI:6.529～13.687)、职业紧张(OR=1.364,95%CI:1.030～1.806)、心理障碍(OR=1.826, 95%CI:1.361～2.449)均是煤矿工人MSDs的危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 研究表明煤矿作业工人目前发生MSDs状况不容乐观,职业紧张和心理障碍可以增加MSDs发生的风险。

Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and its related factors among coal miners in Xinjiang

Objective To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among coal miners in Xinjiang, and to analyze the impact of occupational stress and psychological disorders on MSDs. Methods With a stratified cluster sampling method, 1,230 first-line coal miners were enrolled to serve as the study subjects. The current status of MSDs in the subjects was evaluated by self-filled general information questionnaire, effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and MSDs questionnaire. Results A total of 1,230 coal miners were surveyed in this study, and 805 of them had MSDs, with a prevalence rate of 65.45%. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate of MSDs among coal miners with different genders, ages, years of service, shifts, types of work in production, educational backgrounds, and average monthly incomes (χ²=8.989, χ²=76.602, χ²=40.054, χ²=9.617, χ²=38.671, χ²=127.846, χ²=33.154, all P<0.05). 615 workers had occupational stress, with a prevalence rate of 50.00%. 630 workers suffered from psychological disorders, with a prevalence rate of 51.22%. The prevalence rates of MSDs showed statistically significant differences between different occupational stress groups as well as between different psychological disorders groups (χ²=11.681, χ²=22.059, both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that females (OR=2.022, 95%CI:1.292-3.159), age (OR=1.532, 95%CI:1.035-2.266), coal-mining workers (OR=1.801, 95%CI:1.307-2.409), having a educational background of junior middle school and below (OR=9.453, 95%CI:6.529-13.687), occupational stress (OR=1.364, 95%CI:1.030-1.806), psychological disorders (OR=1.826, 95%CI:1.361-2.449) were risk factors for MSDs in the coal miners (all P<0.05). Conclusion This study shows that the current situation of occurrence of MSDs among the coal miners is not optimistic. Occupational stress and psychological disorders can increase the risk of occurrence of MSDs.