狂犬病暴露人群监测

目的了解狂犬病暴露人群的情况，为预防和控制狂犬病的发生和流行提供科学的依据。方法对2007年1～12月因动物致伤后来我院急诊科注射狂犬病疫苗的就诊者，采用《深圳市狂犬病暴露人群监测表》登记资料进行分析。结果5481例狂犬病暴露者中，男性2629例（占47．96％），女性2852例占（52．03％），男女比例为1：1．08。高发年龄是15。44岁3493例（占63．72％），其次是0—15岁1111例（占20．27％）。伤人动物主要为犬类，宠物犬和家犬共3845例（占70．15％）。伤口部位主要为上肢3029例（占55．26％），其次是下肢2079例（占37．93％）。I级暴露人群最多5420例（占98．88％）。受伤程度以浅表为主5276例（占96．25％）。所有暴露者经正确处理伤口，全程规范接种狂犬疫苗，迄今无1人发病。结论目前对狂犬病尚无有效的治疗方法，做好暴露后免疫预防是关键，最有效的措施是加强犬类管理．减少暴露机会，及时规范处理伤口并全程接种狂犬疫苗。

Epidemiological Surveillance of People Exposed to Rabies

Objective This study aims to provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of rabies. Methods Information on the rabies patients was collected from the Emergency Department of Shenzhen People＇s Hospital between Jan and Dec 2007. Results Among the total 5 481 rabies patients, 2 629 were male （accounting for 47.96%） and 2 852 patient were female （accounting for 52.03%）. The ratio of male to female was 1：1.08. Patients within the age group of 15-44 were found to be the high-risk group （accounting for 63.72%）. 1 111 cases were in the age between 0-15 （accounting for 20.27%）. Most of the patients （3 845 cases, 70.15%） were bitten by pet dogs or family dogs. And the wounds were mainly on the upper limbs （3 029 cases, 55.26%） and lower limbs （2 079 eases, 37.93%）. Most of the exposure v,,as class 1 （5 420 cases, 98.88%） and the wounds were on the epidermis （5 276 cases, 96.25%）. All patients were treated with wound-cleaning and vaccinated with rabies vaccine. Further disease development was not found in the patients after vaccinations. Conclusion At present, effective method for rabies treatment is not available. Therefore, vaccination with rabies vaccine after rabies exposure is the key for the control and prevention of rabies. The most effective measure is to strengthen the management of dogs, avoid the contact with rabid animals, early wound cleaning and timely immunization with rabies vaccine.