重庆市基本消除碘缺乏病评估结果分析

目的分析重庆市基本消除碘缺乏病的经验和存在的问题，为进一步巩固成果，实现消除碘缺乏病的目标提供参考资料。方法查阅历年碘盐监测、儿童甲状腺肿和尿碘资料，现场调查居民食用碘盐、8—10岁儿童甲状腺肿和尿碘，分析病情变化特征。结果2001—2007年，碘盐生产批质量合格率除2001年为92．86％外，其余各年均为100％；碘盐批发企业批质量合格率2001年为88．68％，其余年在92．57％～99．34％之间；居民碘盐食用率为94．2％-98．4％，合格碘盐食用率自2003年起，稳定在90％以上，2007年95％的区县在90％以上；儿童甲状腺肿大率2005年触诊法和B超法分别降至10．5％和9．9％，无20％以上的区县；尿碘中位数稳定在250μg／L左右，〈50I~g／L者占5％以下。市级评估38个区县，合格碘盐食用率均为90％以上，儿童甲状腺肿大率在10．0％～17_3％之间，尿碘中位数均〉100μg／L。国家评估碘盐食用率为99．07％。儿童甲状腺肿大率触诊法为7．76％。B超法为7．27％，尿碘中位数为289．17μg／L。结论重庆市达到基本消除碘缺乏病标准，但仍存在非碘盐，儿童甲肿率下降缓慢等问题，与生活水平低和蛋白质营养不足有关。仍需加强碘盐监测，防止非碘盐，同时发展经济，提高居民生活水平，增加蛋白质营养，方能取得更好的效果。

Evaluation of the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Chongqing Municipal

Objective To analyze the experience and problem faced in the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing municipal. Method The historical data of iodized salt, goiter rate and urinary iodine were collected. The thyroid volume and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 years were examined. Result Except year 2001, the passing rate of production of iodized salt level was 100% from 2001 to 2007, with the wholesale level of 92.57%-99.34%. The coverage rate of iodized salt of household level was 94.2%-98.4%. The iodized salt coverage rate had been over 90% since 2003 and the rate of the counties （95%） was over 90%. The goiter rate of children was 10.5% by palpation and 9.9% by B-ultrasound in 2005. The rate was lower than 20% in the counties. The median of urinary iodine was stably 250 μg/L and the proportion of 〈50 μg/L was less 5%. 38 counties were evaluated at the Chongqing level, showing iodized salt coverage rate of over 90%, goiter rate of children 10.0%-17.3% and the median of urinary iodine over 100 μg/L. At the national level, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.07%, the goiter rate of children was 7.76% by palpation and 7.27% by B-ultrasound, and the median of urinary iodine was 289.17 μg/L in 2007. Conclusion Chongqing municipal has basically eliminated iodine deficiency disorders. But the non-iodized salt coverage rate and the goiter rate were only slowly decreased. This may be due to low living standard and protein insufficiency. Monitoring the coverage of iodized salt and improve the economy condition are the means to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.