城镇化与慢性病的关系研究现状及方法探究

中国高速而又失衡的城镇化发展,在带来一系列经济福利的同时,也严重威胁着居民健康。中国的疾病种类已经从传染性疾病转为慢性病,厘清城镇化与慢性病之间的关系,对于中国城镇化的持续健康发展和城镇化背景下的慢性病防控具有重要的政策和研究意义。本文就城镇化与慢性病关系的国内外文献进行综述,结果发现许多研究的结论是单向的,而且不同的研究发现存在矛盾甚至截然相反。城镇化与慢性病并非简单的因果关系,而是各种危险因素和保护因素共存,包括环境污染、社会不公平性更差、卫生服务可及性提高等;同时,不同因素之间关系复杂,失衡的城镇化发展引起的社会分层可能起着关键的作用;国外的城镇化发展经验与中国存在很大不同而且难以复制,因此,本土化的研究十分必要。研究者和决策者应充分考虑中国城镇化进程中影响慢性病的多种因素及这些因素之间复杂的因果关系,才能得到更准确的研究结论和决策依据。

The study progress and exploration method of relationship between urbanization and non-communicable diseases

Chinese rapid and imbalanced urbanization development has brought a series of economic benefits but also has posed a serious threat to residents'' health. Dominant diseases in China have shifted from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). On the level of both policy and study importance, clarifying the relationship between urbanization and NCDs is significantly beneficial to the sustainable and healthy development of urbanization as well as the prevention and control of NCDs under its background. This paper is a review of the urbanization and NCDs from literature home and abroad. The results were that many conclusions were one-direction and findings between different kinds of literature were controversial or even opposite. The relationship between urbanization and NCDs is not just simple. On the contrary, various risk factors and protective factors of NCDs co-exist, inclusive of environmental pollution, worsening social inequity, the improvement of healthcare''s accessibility etc. Meanwhile, the relationships between different factors are complicated and the function of social stratification caused by imbalanced urbanization may be core. The experience of urbanization development in other countries is much different from China and cannot be duplicated easily. Thus domestic studies are essential. Researchers and policy-makers should fully consider a variety of factors influencing NCDs and their complicated relationships in the process of China''s urbanization, only in this way can they reach more accurate conclusions and get the gist for policy-making.