全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术操作流程及技巧的优化:北京大学人民医院经验

目的 总结北京大学人民医院全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术的操作流程和技巧的优化改进经验.方法 2006年9月至2010年8月连续开展全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术408例,男214例,女194例,平均年龄58.6岁.实体肿瘤平均最大径30.1 mm.手术采用双腔气管插管全身麻醉,健侧单肺通气.胸腔镜观察口选择第7或8肋间腋后线,长1.5 cm;辅助操作切口选择在肩胛下角线第7或8肋间,长1.5 cm;主操作口选择在第4或第5肋间腋前线,长约4 cm,无需放置开胸器,不牵开肋骨.全部操作过程完全在胸腔镜下完成.术者位于病人前侧,双手分别握持吸引器和电凝钩,在主操作口内进行操作;助手位于病人背侧,使用卵圆钳经辅助操作口帮助牵拉显露.基本操作顺序与传统开胸肺叶切除相同.肺癌病人均清扫纵隔淋巴结:肿瘤位于右侧,清扫2、4、3A、3P、7、8、9、10组淋巴结;左侧清扫3、5、6、7、8、9、10组淋巴结,必要时清扫第4组淋巴结.结果 全组手术顺利,围手术期死亡1例,无严重并发症发生.平均手术时间195 min,平均术中出血249 ml.术后病理良性疾病86例,恶性疾病322例.全组中转开胸35例,中转开胸率8.6%.术后轻微并发症48例,并发症发生率11.8%.术后平均带胸管时间7.9天,术后平均住院天数10.9天.结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术操作难度较高,开展此项手术应具备5个方面条件:(1)较清晰的胸腔镜设备,(2)良好的术野显露,(3)熟练的镜下血管解剖分离技巧,(4)能将血管和支气管置入缝合切开器内,(5)纵隔淋巴结清扫技术.掌握正确的操作流程及一些关键技巧,可以缩短学习曲线.

Operative technique optimization in completely thoracoscopic lobectomy: Peking University experience

Objective To optimize operative techniques of completely video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy by reviewing the experience of Peking University People's Hospital. Methods From September 2006 to August 2010, 408 patients (214 males,194 females) with median age of 58.6 years (range from 15 to 86 years) underwent completely thoracoscopic lobectomy. All procedures were conducted under general anesthesia with double lumen intubation. The thoracoscope was introduced through 7th or 8th intercostals space on the mid-axillaries line. The 4 cm long utility incision was made on the 4th or 5th intercostals space anterior axillary's line without rib-spreading. A third retraction incision located on the 7th or 8th intercostals space sub-scapular line. The surgeon stands on the ventral side of patient using an electrocautery hook and a suction device through the utility incision. Anatomic lobectomy was performed with systemic mediastinal lymph node dissection for lung cancer patients. Results All procedures were carried out smoothly with no case of serious complication. There was 1 case death because of respiratory failure of pulmonary fungal infection during the operative period. The average surgical duration was 195 minutes, and average blood loss was 249 ml with no blood transfusion required. There were 35 cases (8.6%) of conversion to open thoracotomy, including interference by lymph nodes, bleeding, inflammatory adhesion of Artery and large size tumors.The results of pathology show 322 cases of malignant disease and 86 cases of benign disease. Conclusion To grasp the core technique of completely thoracoscopic lobotomy may make the procedure undergone smoothly, and may shorten the learning curve.