Behavioural, biochemical and histochemical effects of different neurotoxic amino acids injected into nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats |
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| Authors: | S B Dunnett I Q Whishaw G H Jones S T Bunch |
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| Institution: | 1. Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;3. Central Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;4. Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;5. Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, India;6. Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St Xavier’s College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram, India;1. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, PR China;2. College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China;3. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;1. Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland;2. Perception and Eye Movement Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, and Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland;3. ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;4. University of Birmingham, School of Psychology, Birmingham, United Kingdom;1. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA;1. School of Electrical Information & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China;2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;3. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;4. School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in rats have been used to investigate functions of the extrinsic cortical cholinergic system which originates from these neurons. These lesions also produce extensive non-specific subcortical damage and associated regulatory and neurological impairments, causing doubt about the specificity of consequent functional impairments. Here, nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions made with four different neurotoxic amino acids (kainic acid, ibotenic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and quisqualic acid) have been compared. Quisqualic acid produced less subcortical damage and lesser neurological and regulatory impairments than the other toxins at doses that produced comparable cholinergic deafferentation of the neocortex, as assessed both histologically and biochemically. This suggests that these impairments are non-specific rather than specific consequences of cholinergic cell loss. The effects on learning a spatial navigation task were more ambiguous, suggesting the involvement of both cholinergic and non-cholinergic systems. Impairment of a passive shock avoidance task was as great following quisqualic acid as the other neurotoxins, which may suggest a more direct relationship specifically with the decline in cortical cholinergic activity. It is concluded that in the absence of availability of a specific cholinergic neurotoxin, quisqualic acid produces less non-specific neuroanatomical and neurological side effects than the more widely used toxins N-methyl-D-aspartate, kainic acid or ibotenic acid. |
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