焦作市2004-2008年麻疹流行病学分析

目的 了解焦作市近年麻疹流行病学特点和疫情发生特点,为今后制定科学合理的预防控制麻疹策略和措施提供依据.方法 对2004-2008年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析.结果 焦作市近年来麻疹发病一直控制在较低水平,发病形式主要为散发和局部小范围暴发.各县市区报告麻疹发病相差悬殊.发病高峰在3-6月份(占73.91%).在667例确诊病例中,＜15岁人群占89.05%,发病为小年龄组模式,＜1岁人群占25.48%.麻疹病例以散居儿童为多,占46.35%,其次为学龄和幼托儿童,占42.10%.在确诊病例中,有免疫史者仅占33.13%,无免疫史者占44.38%,免疫史不详者占22.49%.麻疹血清样本采集率为58.89%.结论 加强麻疹监测,提高麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种率和接种质量,消除暴发仍是今后全市控制麻疹的工作重点和主要任务.而做好儿童入托、入学查漏补种工作,提高麻疹疫苗复种率,减少免疫空白和易感人群的积累是建立全市牢固免疫屏障的关键.

Epidemiological analysis of measles in Jiaozuo from 2004 to 2008

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiaozuo, Henan Province and provide a scientific basis for strategies and measures of prevention and control of measles in the future. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles during 2004-2008. Results Measles was controlled at low attack rates and occurred sporadically and in a manner of smallrange outbreaks. The attack rates varied with different regions. The peak incidences were discovered from March to June(73.91%). Among 667 confirmed cases, 89.05% were observed in ＜ 15 year group, with 25.48% in ＜ 1 year group. The measles cases were mainly seen in scattered children(46.35%), followed by school-age and nursery children(42.10%). There were 33.13%, 44.38%, and 22.49% of the cases with immunized history, non-immunized history, and unclear immunized history, respectively. The serum collecting rate was 58.89%. Conclusions Strengthening monitoring, improving routine immunization rate and quality,and eliminating measles outbreaks are the main tasks in the future. Raising revaccination rate and reducing accumulation of susceptible population are the key points to establish an immune barrier against measles.