Increased drug use among old-for-grade and dropout urban adolescents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pediatrics (Guagliardo), George Washington University, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA;2. Department of Epidemiology (Huang), George Washington University, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA;3. Dept. of Prevention and Community Health (D’Angelo), George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA;4. Clinical Support Services and Laboratory Medicine (Hicks), Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010 USA;5. Primary Care Services (D’Angelo), Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010 USA;1. Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States;2. Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Omaha, NE, United States;3. Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;5. Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States;6. National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States;1. Aortic Centre, Institut Cœur-Poumon, CHU Lille, Lille, France;2. Inserm U1008, University of Lille, Lille, France;3. Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;4. Centre Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France;1. Dept. of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy;2. Dept. of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy;3. BioGeM, Institute of Genetic Research “Gaetano Salvatore”, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy;1. Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Berna, Suiza;2. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Nápoles, Italia;3. Clinical Trials Unit (CTU) Bern, University of Bern, Berna, Suiza;4. Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Bélgica y Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Bélgica;5. Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavía, Italia;6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Nápoles, Italia;7. Ospedale del Cuore – Massa, Fondazione Toscana “G. Monasterio”, Pisa, Italia;1. Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;2. Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan;3. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan;4. Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;5. Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: In tracking the epidemic of drug use in our communities, much emphasis has been placed on identifying predictive variables. In this study, we examine the relationship between drug use and school progress among a sample of inner-city adolescents.Methods: A blinded, anonymous questionnaire covering a variety of health risk behaviors was administered to 1,720 adolescent patients who visited our outpatient clinic. Participants were classified as age-appropriate for last school grade completed, older than normal for grade, or as a dropout. A urine specimen was also collected in a blinded, anonymous fashion from each participant, and tested for five common substances of abuse.Results: Nearly 12% of participants tested positive for drugs. Participants who were old for grade were over 40% more likely to be positive for drugs than grade-appropriate respondents, while school dropouts were more than twice as likely to test positive.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that being old-for-grade (OFG) and being a dropout in our population are markers for being at higher risk of substance abuse. |
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