某蓄电池回收冶炼厂铅污染对厂内居住儿童血铅影响调查

目的了解某蓄电池回收冶炼厂铅污染状况及其对厂内居住儿童血铅的影响。方法对某蓄电池回收冶炼厂进行职业卫生学调查,并自制调查表,对该厂内居住的35名儿童及其父母进行调查,对儿童进行血铅检查,同时对工作场所和儿童居住区空气中铅进行检测。结果该厂工作场所空气中铅尘和铅烟浓度分别为(0.217±0.135)mg/m3和(0.242±0.247)mg/m3,超标率分别为100.0%和87.5%,最大超标倍数分别为7.6倍和27.3倍。厂内儿童居住区空气中铅浓度(18±6)μg/m3,超标率100.0%,最大超标倍数22倍。厂内居住儿童血铅水平(271.64±106.78)μg/L,高铅血症、轻度铅中毒、中度铅中毒、重度铅中毒的检出率分别为20.0%,28.6%,45.7%,2.8%,男童和女童血铅水平、高铅血症及轻、中、重度铅中毒检出率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该厂铅污染严重,职业卫生监督部门应加大执法力度,督促其整改;厂内居住儿童的血铅水平严重超标,应有针对性地采取积极的预防和控制措施。

Lead pollution and its impact on children's blood lead concentration in a battery recycling factory

Objective To investigate the lead pollution and its impact on children＇s blood lead concentration in a battery recycling factory. Methods An occupational hygiene survey was conducted in a battery recycling factory.Thirty-five children and their parents were investigated. Blood lead concentration of the children and lead concentration of factory atmosphere were tested. Results The concentrations of lead dust and smog of workshop were（0.217±0.135）mg/m3 and （0.242±0.247）mg/m3,which exceeded acceptable ranges in 100.0%（5/5）and 87.5%（14/16）of sampled areas respectively.Lead concentration of atmosphere was（18±6）mg/m3 in children living area.None of sampled specimens of atmosphere had acceptable concentration of lead and the maximum lead concentration was 22 times higher than acceptable range.An average blood lead concentration of children was（271.64±106.78）μg/L.High,slight,moderate blood lead concentration and lead poisoning were found in 20.0%,28.6%,45.7% and 2.8% of children in the factory respectively,and there were no differences between boys and girls. Conclusion There was serious lead pollution in the area where the factory was located.Law enforcement should be performed to force the factory to take control measures immediately for preventing the lead pollution.Effective stategies have to be taken to decrease the blood lead concentration of children in the area especially.