汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持现状

目的了解汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持状况,为灾后长期的社会支持系统维护提供依据。方法采用肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表(SSRS)调查四川省汉源县地震灾区500位居民。结果汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持总体水平仍高于全国一般水平(P0.001);男性的支持利用度情况显著差于女性(t=-3.634,P0.001);未成年人的主观支持水平显著低于成年人(t=-2.317,P0.05);少数民族的客观支持状况优于汉族(t=-2.074,P0.05);总体上学历越高社会支持状况越好,大学本科学历者的社会支持状况普遍好于其他低学历者(P0.05);公务员或事业单位人员的社会支持水平显著高于其他职业人群,有着明显优势(P0.05);已婚者的总社会支持、客观支持和主观支持水平都要超过未婚者(t=2.559,3.075,3.070;P0.05),而在支持利用度方面未婚者则要好于已婚者(t=2.622,P0.05);地震中不同受损程度的人在社会支持总体及各维度上没有显著差异。结论相对于女性、成年人、高学历者、已婚者和公务员事业单位人员等,地震灾区的男性、未成年人、低学历者、未婚者和知识分子等人群的社会支持状况较差。在地震灾害的远期救助中应特别关注这些群体的社会支持情况。

Social Support of Residents from Disaster Area Five Years Later after Wenchuan Earthquake Social Support of Residents from Disaster Area Five Years Later after Wenchuan Earthquake

Objective To investigate the social support status of residents in the disaster area ,and provide a scientific basis for social support system maintenance .Methods Social support rating scale （ SSRS） was used to assess 500 residents from Hanyuan County Si-chuan province .Results The residents total score of social support was still beyond the national average five years after Wenchuan Earthquake（P〈0.001）;There was significant difference on the use of support between male and female （t=-3.634,P〈0.001）;Com-pared with the score of adults,the score of minors on subjective support was significantly lower （t=-2.317,P〈0.05）;The minorities ob-jective support were better than Han people （t=-2.074,P〈0.05）;On the whole,the higher the degree the better social support condi-tion,the social support condition of college grades was generally better than less -educated people（Ps〈0.05）;The level of social sup-port for civil servants and institution personnel was significantly higher than other occupations with distinct advantages （Ps〈0.05）;The overall level of social support for married people exceeded the unmarried ,also included objective and subjective support （ t =2.559, 3.075,3.070;P〈0.05）,the use of support was just the opposite （t=2.622,P〈0.05）;There were no significant differences among levels of affected people in the overall and each dimension .Conclusion We should pay special attention to the status of social support for male,minors,poorly-educated people ,singles and intellectuals in the long -term relief after earthquake .