烧伤后腋窝瘢痕挛缩畸形的整复治疗

目的 探讨烧伤后腋窝瘢痕挛缩畸形的合理修复方法。方法 对1998年以来解放军第304医院烧伤整形外科收治的78例(90例次)腋窝瘢痕挛缩畸形患者治疗情况进行总结,按照瘢痕的范围、畸形的严重程度及其对功能影响的大小进行分度,其中轻度46例次,中度26例次,重度18例次,分别采用“Z”成形术(18例次)、五瓣成形术(14例次)、皮片移植术(23例次)、“Z”成形术结合中厚皮片移植(14例次)、肩胛皮瓣(5例次),侧胸皮瓣(4例次),腋周瘢痕瓣(12例次)进行修复。术后佩带外固定支架,使用防治瘢痕增生的药物及功能锻炼。结果 术后除4例中厚植皮皮片小部分坏死外,其余皮瓣均成活,创面一期愈合,经6个月至4年随访,功能外形均满意。结论 根据烧伤后腋窝瘢痕挛缩畸形的范围和程度,选择不同类型的方法进行修复,是恢复肩关节功能,改善患者生活质量的理想方法。

The treatment of deformity of axillary scar contracture after burns

OBJECTIVE: To explore the best methods to repair the deformity of axillary scar contracture after burns. METHODS: Ninety cases in 78 patients with axillary scar contracture after burns from January 1998 to January 2002 were analyzed. According to the severity of the deformity and its influence on the function of the shoulder joint. 46 cases suffered from mild degree axillary scar contracture, 26 cases with moderate and 18 with severe degree. The deformities of axillary scar contracture were repaired by Z plasty (18 cases), five-flap plasty (14 cases), skin graft (23 cases), Z plasty and skin graft (14 cases), transfer of scapular skin flaps (5 cases), lateral throatic skin flaps (4 cases) and scar flaps (12 cases), respectively. Exopexy, anti-scar drug and functional exercises were applied postoperationally. RESULTS: All the flaps were survived with first intention, except for necrosis of the split skin graft occurring in 4 cases. The function and configuration in all the cases were satisfactory after 6 months to 4 years follow-up. CONCLUSION: Appropriate methods should be chosen to restore the function and configuration of the shoulder joint and improve patients' living condition according to the size, degree of the deformity of axillary scar contracture after burns.