医学伦理学发展溯源——写在新中国医学伦理研究30周年前夕之一

医学伦理思想的萌芽最早可追溯至公元前15世纪或者更早。本学科发展至今先后呈现出三种理论形态并各具特点。第一个阶段是前医学伦理学时期，可称为古典医德学，德性论和义务论的特征非常明显。第二个阶段是传统医学伦理学发展阶段，作为一种相对成熟的理论体系，呈现出细致化、规范化、专业化、人性化和法制化的特点。第三个阶段可称为国际医学伦理学发展，以生命伦理学的产生、发展和不断壮大为其显著特征。

The Trace of the Source of Medical Ethics

The germination of medical ethics could date back to as early as the 15th century BC or even earlier.This subject successively takes on three theoretical forms possessing diverse peculiarities.The first stage could be called Classical Theory of Medical Morality,or Pre-Medical Ethics,with evident character of virtue ethics and deontology.The second stage is the traditional medical ethics.As a relatively mature theoretical system,it takes on the characteristics of meticulous,standardization,specialization,humanity and legislation.The third stage might be called the international medical ethics,whose prominent trait is the birth,progress and grandness of Modern Bioethics.