Estrogen and muscle stiffness have a negative relationship in females |
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Authors: | David R. Bell J. Troy Blackburn Marc F. Norcorss Kristin S. Ondrak Jeffery D. Hudson A. C. Hackney Darin A. Padua |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Kinesiology, Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;(2) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Fetzer Hall, CB#8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;(3) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Fetzer Hall, CB#8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;(4) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Fetzer Hall, CB#8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA |
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Abstract: | Purpose Hormonal fluctuations are one potential reason why females might have a greater rate of noncontact ACL injury. The hamstrings are capable of limiting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading. This study examined whether relationships existed between reproductive hormones (estradiol-β-17, free testosterone, and progesterone) and hamstring neuromechanical variables (hamstring musculotendinous stiffness (MTS), rate of force production (RFP), time to 50% peak torque (T50%), and electromechanical delay (EMD)) in genders combined and independently. |
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