不同方案治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染疗效观察

目的比较不同方案对儿童急性呼吸道感染的临床疗效，探讨临床合理用药的方法。方法选择门诊急性上呼吸道感染患儿346例，随机分为抗生素组（全程应用抗生素组）、延后组（延后应用抗生素组）、对照组（不应用抗生素组），分别统计其病程、并发症、不良反应发生率、复诊率及治疗费用。结果三组患儿发热、咳嗽时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；抗生素组咽痛时间短于延后组和对照组（P〈0．01）。三组患儿并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。抗生素组及延后组不良反应发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。抗生素组复诊率显著高于延后组和对照组（P〈0．05）。抗生素组治疗费用最高，而对照组最低（P〈0．05）。结论抗菌药物治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染不能有效缩短病程及减少并发症的发生，且引起不良反应及治疗费用增加。

Clinical efficacy of different therapies for acute upper respiratory tract infections in children.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of different therapies for acute upper respiratory tract infections （AURTI） in children, and to discuss the clinical rationality in antibiotic use. Methods A total of 346 children with AURTI were randomized into three groups： antibiotic group （treated with antibiotics throughout the course）, delayed group （delayed use of antibiotics）, and control group （used no antibiotics）. The course of diseases, complication, incidence of adverse drug reactions, rate of return visits and total treatment costs were analyzed statistically. Results There was no significant difference between the three groups for the outcome of fever and cough （P〉0.05）, whereas, the duration of sore throat was the shortest in the antibiotic group （P〈0.01）. The incidence of complications had no significant difference between the three groups （P〉0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was the lowest （P〈0.05）, and the rate of return visits was the highest in the antibiotic group （P〈0.05）. The total treatment cost was the highest in the antibiotic group but the lowest in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Antimicrobial therapy for children with AURTI can not effectively shorten the course of disease and reduce complications, which increases the incidence of adverse effects and the cost of treatment.