中药对胰岛β细胞的保护机制研究概述

胰岛β细胞功能障碍及数量减少在2型糖尿病(T2DM)的发生发展过程中起着重要作用,目前,中药保护胰岛β细胞的疗效已经逐渐被认可,并在2型糖尿病防治中占有重要地位。通过对近几年中药提取成分,中药单体及复方对胰岛β细胞的保护机制进行总结发现,一些中药提取成分(如接骨木多糖、桑叶总黄酮等)、中药单体(如三丫苦、水蛭等)及中药复方(如清热降浊汤、津力达颗粒等)具有保护胰岛β细胞及治疗T2DM的作用。中药可促进胰岛β细胞增殖、减少胰岛β细胞凋亡,并且可间接通过改善血清及胰腺组织氧化应激、改善胰岛细胞胰岛素抵抗、提高血清、肝脏及肠道组织胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)水平、改善胰岛微循环、调节胰岛β细胞自噬水平等途径保护胰岛β细胞。中药因其成分的复杂性而对胰岛β细胞的保护作用涉及多种靶点及机制,并具有良好效果,而且基于中医整体观念的指导,中药在T2DM的治疗方面具有较高的安全性。因此,中药作为胰岛β细胞保护类药物具有广阔的前景,随着生物技术的发展,从中药及中药复方中筛选新型糖尿病治疗药物成为可能。

Protective Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Islet Beta Cells

Islet beta cell dysfunction and decrease play an important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the protection of islet beta cells was recognized and plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes. The protective mechanism of TCMs' extracts, monomer and compounds to islet beta cells were summarized to define their effect in protecting islet beta cells and treating T2DM. Some TCMs can promote islet beta cell proliferation, reduce islet beta cells apoptosis, and protect islet beta cells indirectly by promoting islet beta cell proliferation, reducing islet beta cell apoptosis, improving serum and pancreatic tissue oxidative stress, improving islet cell insulin resistance, improving the level of glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1), improving pancreas microcirculation, regulating autophagy level. Because of the complexity of the traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and compound formula, their protective effect on islet beta cells involves a variety of targets and mechanisms. Besides, under the guidance of general concept of TCMs, TCMs have a higher safety in treating T2DM. Therefore, TCMs have a broad prospect to protect islet beta cells. With the development of biotechnology, it is possible to screen out new diabetes drugs from TCMs.