State of the art: non-invasive ultrasound assessment of the uteroplacental circulation

Impaired trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries is associated with increased risk for subsequent development of intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and placental abruption. A series of screening studies involving assessment of impedance to flow in the uterine arteries have examined the potential value of Doppler in identifying pregnancies at risk of the complications of impaired placentation. Currently we are able to characterize uteroplacental perfusion with quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This review will examine both methodologies and seek to highlight conclusive and inconclusive findings.