直肠癌根治术618例疗效分析

目的探讨Miles手术和保肛术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效。方法1984年1月至2004年12月20年间,共收治618例直肠癌患者,对其行Miles手术和保肛术式治疗。其中1984年1月至1993年12月前10年中,收治患者273例,行Miles术136例,各种保肛手术137例。1994年1月至2004年12月后10年中,收治患者345例,行Miles手术102例,各种保肛手术243例。对前后10年患者的术后并发症,复发与转移情况,术后生存率进行总结、分析。结果术后共有492例患者进行随访,时间1个月～20年,平均5年,随访率为79．6％。前10年术后局部复发率为6．9％,其中Miles术为6．7％,各种保肛术为7．1％。后10年术后局部复发率为5．1％,其中Miles术为4．8％,各种保肛术为5．2％,其中套人式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术为4．9％。前10年术后5年总体生存率为64．7％,其中Miles手术为66．3％,保留肛门手术为63．4％。后10年术后5年总体生存率为68．0％,其中Miles手术为66．3％,保留肛门手术为68．7％,其中套人式结肠直肠粘膜吻合保肛术为71．3％。结论直肠癌术式应根据病变部位、生物学特性、临床分期、个体化进行选择,近10年来保肛手术逐渐增多,约占70％,保肛术后5年生存率与Miles手术基本相同,但患者生活质量得到明显提高,套人式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术是一种安全有效的术式。

Analysis of 618 cases of radical resection of rectal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyse curative effects of Miles operation and anal sphincter preserving operation for rectal carcinoma in 20 years. METHODS: From 1984 to 2004, 618 cases of rectal carcinoma that underwent radical resection including Miles operation and anal sphincter preserving procedures were analysed retrospectively each 10 years, earlier 10 years from 1984 to 1994, and later 10 years from 1994 to 2004. RESULTS: Among the 618 cases, 492 (79.6%) were followed up. The median of the follow-up time was 5.4 years. In the earlier 10 years, local recurrence rate of post operation was 6.9% (14/201), for Miles operation and anal sphincter preserving procedures the local recurrence rate was 6.7% and 7.1% respectively. In the later 10 years, the local recurrence rate was 5.1% (15/291), 4.8% for Miles operation, 5.2% for anal sphincter preserving procedures. With the procedure of canular anastomosis of colon and rectal mucosa, the local recurrence rate was 4.9%. Overall five-year survival rate was 64.7% (130/201) in the earlier 10 years, 66.3% (59/89) for Miles operation, 63.4% (71/112) for anal sphincter preserving procedures. In the later 10 years, the five-year survival rate was 68.0% (198/291) in all, for Miles operation 66.3% (55/83), for anal sphincter preserving procedures 68.7% (143/208). With the procedure of canular anastomosis of colon and rectal mucosa, the five-year survival rate was 71.3% (62/87). CONCLUSIONS: The operation for rectal cancer should be chosen individually according to locus, biological character, and clinical stages. Anal sphincter preserving procedures are performed increasingly, and they provide the same five-year survival rate as Miles operation does, and the patient's quality of life can be improved obviously.