Effect of Bi3+ ion on upconversion-based induced optical heating and temperature sensing characteristics in the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped La2O3 nano-phosphor

The upconversion-based optical heating and temperature sensing characteristics are investigated in the Er³⁺/Yb³⁺/Bi³⁺ tri-doped La₂O₃ nano-phosphor synthesized through a solution combustion method. The structural measurements reveal an increase in lattice parameters and particles size of the phosphor on increasing the concentrations of Bi³⁺ ions. The energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) measurements confirm the presence of La, Er, Yb, Bi and O elements in the tri-doped phosphor. The absorption spectra show the large number of bands due to Er³⁺, Yb³⁺ and Bi³⁺ ions. The Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped phosphor gives strong green emission bands at 523 and 548 nm upon 976 nm excitation due to ²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transitions of Er³⁺ ion, respectively. The emission intensity of these bands is enhanced upto 15 times in the presence of Bi³⁺ ions. The emission intensities of the 523 and 548 nm bands vary non-linearly with the pump power. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the thermally coupled 523 and 548 nm emission bands shows efficient optical heating in the tri-doped phosphor. The FIR of the 523 and 548 nm emission bands further varies with the increase in temperature of the phosphor. The relative temperature sensing sensitivity has been calculated to be 71 × 10⁻⁴ K⁻¹ at 450 K for the tri-doped phosphor. Thus, the Er³⁺/Yb³⁺/Bi³⁺ tri-doped La₂O₃ nano-phosphor may provide a platform to use it in the photonic devices, as an optical heater and temperature sensor.

The Er³⁺/Yb³⁺/Bi³⁺ tri-doped La₂O₃ nano-phosphor gives efficient induced optical heating and temperature sensing. This study is useful to understand these characteristics in different materials with various pump powers and temperatures.