[68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole: a promising agent for PET detection of tumor hypoxia

The goal of this study is to evaluate a new ⁶⁸Ga‐based imaging agent for detecting tumor hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET). The new hypoxia targeting agent reported here, ⁶⁸Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole (⁶⁸Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI), was constructed by linking a nitroimidazole moiety with the macrocyclic ligand component of ProHance®, HP‐DO3A. The hypoxia targeting capability of this agent was evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in SCID mice bearing subcutaneous A549 tumor xenografts. The cellular uptake assays showed that significantly more ⁶⁸Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI accumulates in hypoxic tumor cells at 30, 60 and 120 min than in the same cells exposed to 21% O₂. The agent also accumulated in hypoxic tumors in vivo to give a tumor/muscle ratio (T/M) of 5.0 ± 1.2 (n = 3) as measured by PET at 2 h post‐injection (p.i.). This was further confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution data. In addition, ⁶⁸Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI displayed very favorable pharmacokinetic properties, as it was cleared largely through the kidneys with little to no accumulation in liver, heart or lung (%ID/g < 0.5%) at 2 h p.i. The specificity of the agent for hypoxic tissues was further validated in a comparative study with a control compound, ⁶⁸Ga]‐HP‐DO3A, which lacks the nitroimidazole moiety, and by PET imaging of tumor‐bearing mice breathing air versus 100% O₂. Given the commercial availability of cGMP ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generators and the ease of ⁶⁸Ga labeling, the new agent could potentially be widely applied for imaging tumor hypoxia prior to radiation therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.