上海市2008年临床核医学的医疗照射水平分析

[目的]掌握上海市临床核医学诊断与治疗的医疗照射水平现状及其发展趋势。[方法]设计统一调查表格，普查上海市开展临床核医学诊疗的43家医疗机构的有关基本现状，具体调查2008年43家医疗机构的临床核医学诊疗工作量及其分布，以及受检者与患者的性别、年龄组分布。[结果]2008年上海市拥有各类核医学相关设备169台，从事临床核医学的工作人员为342人。全市核医学诊断年频率为6．63人次／千人口，居多的检查类型为骨显像、PET肿瘤显像、甲状腺显像等，男性比女性高25．6％。核医学诊断年频率随受检者年龄增长（0～15岁、16～40岁、〉40岁组）而增加。临床核医学的放射性药物治疗频率为0．41人次／千人口，女性比男性高62．5％。多数显像和功能检查的常用放射性核素为^99mTc；PET检查常用的放射性核素为^18F。甲状腺癌和甲亢治疗常用的放射性核素为^13I，二者典型放射性活度分别是5088MBq和237MBq。上海市临床核医学诊断的应用频率比1998年增加了91.8％；是1998年我国大陆平均水平的11．4倍。全市核医学的放射性核素治疗频率比1998年增加了182．8％；是1998年我国大陆平均水平的6．8倍多。[结论]上海市临床核医学诊断和治疗的发展速度很快，应切实加强临床核医学的医疗照射防护工作。

Medical Exposure Levels from Clinical Nuclear Medicine in 2008 in Shanghai

[ Objective ] To grasp the level and the trend of medical exposure in the field of clinical nuclear medicine in Shanghai. [ Methods ] Based on the unified survey forms, the general status of a total of 43 hospitals with clinical nuclear medicine departments was surveyed, further investigations on the clinic workload, the sex and age groups of examinees in 2008 were also performed among those hospitals. [ Results ] There were 169 sets of equipments and 342 physicians engaged in the clinical nuclear medicine in 2008 in Shanghai. The total frequency of nuclear medicine diagnosis in 2008 was 6.63 per 1000 population in Shanghai. Higher frequencies were found in bone imaging, Pusitron Emission Computed Tomography （ PET ） tumor imaging and thyroid imaging. The frequency of the male examinees was 25.6%, higher than that of the female, and the frequency increased with the age of examinees. The frequency of nuclear medicine therapy was 0.41 per 1 000 population, in which the frequency of the female examinees was 62.5% higher than that of the male. ^99mTc was commonly used radionuclide for major types of imaging and function examinations, and 18F was commonly used for PET examinations. ]3lI was usually used for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism therapy, the typical radioactivities were 5 088 MBq and 237 MBq, respectively. Compared with the application frequency of nuclear medicine diagnosis in 1998, the frequency in 2008 increased 91.8% in Shanghai, and it was 11.4 times of the national average in 1998. The frequency for nuclear medicine therapy in 2008 in Shanghai increased 182.8% in the past 10 years, and it was more than 6.8 times higher than the national average in 1998. [ Conclusion ] The development of clinical nuclear medicine is rapid in Shanghai. Therefore, it is imperative to effectively strengthen the radiation protection for nuclear medicine.